Intro to Criminal Justice Exam 3 with precise detailed answers

2



Intro to Criminal Justice Exam 3 with precise detailed answers
|| || || || || || || || ||




What is retribution? - ✔✔Punishment inflicted on a person who has harmed others and so
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||




deserves to be penalized. || || ||




What is general deterrence? - ✔✔Punishment of criminals that is intended to be an example to the
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||




general public and to discourage the commission of offenses.
|| || || || || || || || ||




What is specific deterrence? - ✔✔Punishment inflicted on criminals to discourage them from
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||




committing future crimes. || ||




What is incapacitation? - ✔✔Depriving an offender of the ability to commit crimes against
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||




society usually by detaining the offender in prison.
|| || || || || || ||




What is Selective incapacitation? - ✔✔Making the best use of expensive and limited prison space
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||




by targeting for incarceration those individuals whose incapacity will do the most to reduce crime
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||




in society.
||




What is rehabilitation? - ✔✔The goal of restoring a convicted offender to a constructive place i
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||




society through some form of vocational or educational training or therapy.
|| || || || || || || || || ||




What is restorative justice? - ✔✔Punishment designed to repair the damage done to the victim
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||




and community by an offender's criminal act.
|| || || || || ||




What is indeterminate sentence? - ✔✔A period, set by a judge, that specifies a minimum and
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||




maximum time to be served in prison. Sometimes after the minimum, the offender may be eligible
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||




for parole.
|| ||




What is determinate sentence? - ✔✔A sentence that fixes the term of imprisonment at a specific
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||




period.

,2




What is a presumptive sentence? - ✔✔A sentence for which the legislature or a commission sets a
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||




minimum and maximum range of months or years. Judges are to fix the length of the sentence
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||




within the range, allowing for special circumstances.
|| || || || || ||




What is a mandatory sentence? - ✔✔A sentence determined by statutes and requiring that a
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||




certain penalty be imposed and carried out for convicted offenders who meet certain criteria.
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||




What is a good time? - ✔✔A reduction of an inmate's prison sentence, at the discretion of the
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||




prison administrator, for good behavior or participation in vocational, educational, or treatment
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||




programs.


What is an intermediate sanction? - ✔✔A variety of punishments that are more restrictive than
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||




traditional probation but less severe and costly than incarceration.
|| || || || || || || ||




What is probation? - ✔✔A sentence that the offender is allowed to serve under supervision in the
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||




community.


What is shock probation? - ✔✔A sentence in which the offender is released after a short
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||




incarceration and re-sentenced to probation. || || || ||




What is Furman v. Georgia (1972)? - ✔✔The death penalty, as administered, constitutes cruel and
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||




unusual punishment.
|| ||




What is Gregg v. Georgia (1976)? - ✔✔Death penalty
|| || || || || || || ||




laws are constitutional if they require
|| || || || ||




the judge and jury to consider certain
|| || || || || ||




mitigating and aggravating circumstances || || ||




in deciding which convicted murderers
|| || || ||




should be sentenced to death. Proceedings
|| || || || ||

, 2


must also be divided into a trial phase and
|| || || || || || || ||




a punishment phase, and there must be
|| || || || || ||




opportunities for appeal. || ||




What is McCleskey v. Kemp (1987)? - ✔✔The Supreme
|| || || || || || || ||




Court rejects a challenge of Georgia's death
|| || || || || ||




penalty on grounds of racial discrimination. || || || || ||




What is Atkins v. Virginia (2002) ? - ✔✔Execution of
|| || || || || || || || ||




the mentally retarded is unconstitutional.
|| || || ||




What is Roper v. Simmons (2005)? - ✔✔Execution of
|| || || || || || || ||




offenders for crimes committed while under || || || || ||




the age of 18 is unconstitutional.
|| || || || ||




What is Witherspoon v. Illinois (1968) ? - ✔✔Potential
|| || || || || || || ||




jurors who object to the death penalty|| || || || || ||




cannot be automatically excluded from || || || ||




service; however, during voir dire, those who || || || || || ||




feel so strongly about capital punishment
|| || || || ||




that they could not give an impartial verdict
|| || || || || || ||




may be excluded.|| ||




What are the three || || ||




types of sentences || ||




used in the United || || ||




States? - ✔✔Determinate, indeterminate, and mandatory sentences.
|| || || || || ||