NJXDG FINAL EXAM 2026 ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND
SOLUTIONS RATED A+
✔✔Applying a bonding system (EFDA) - ✔✔1) Position yourself as the operator.
2) Using the mirror and the explorer, examine the cavity outline of the preparation, and
determine where the material is to be placed.
3) The cavity preparation and the enamel margins should be etched according to the
manufacturer's direction.
4) If a metal matrix band is used, the band is prepared with cavity varnish or wax before
placement around the tooth. This prevents the bonding resin and the amalgam from
adhering to the surface. No varnish should come in contact w the tooth because this
would interfere w the bonding effects of the resin primers.
5) The dual-cured adhesive resin is placed in the entire cavity preparation and is lightly
air-thinned. The resin should appear unset or partially set.
6) The restorative material is mixed and then is readied for placement into the cavity
preparation. This is to integrate the restorative material and bonding material at the
preparation walls before the resin had time to polymerize.
7) Have the dentist evaluate your skills.
8) Document the procedure.
✔✔Mixing glass ionomer cement - ✔✔1) Dispense the manufacturer's recommended
proportion of the liquid on one half of the paper pad
2) Dispense the manufacturer's recommended portion of the powder on the other half of
the pad; this is usually divided into two or three increments.
3) Incorporate the powder into the liquid, following the recommended mixing time. The
material should have a glossy appearance.
4) Clean and disinfect equipment immediately
✔✔Mixing composite resin for permanent cementation - ✔✔1) Apply etchant to enamel
and dentin for 15 seconds; then rinse. Blot excess water w a moist cotton pellet, leaving
the tooth moist. You do not want the tooth completely dry.
2) Apply a bond adhesive to enamel and dentin; then dry gently. Avoid excess adhesive
on all prepared surfaces.
3) Light-cure each surface for 10 seconds.
4) Apply primer to etched porcelain or roughened metal surfaces. Dry for 5 seconds.
5) Dispense a 1:1 ratio onto a mixing pad; then mix for 10 seconds. Apply a thin layer of
cement to the bonding surface of restoration.
,6) Once crown is seated, margins may be light cured for 40 seconds or allowed to self
cure for 10 minutes from the start of mixing. For porcelain and precured composite
crowns, margins must be light-cured for 40 seconds.
✔✔Mixing zinc oxide-eugenol for temporary cementation - ✔✔1) Measure the pastes
onto the mixing pad at equal lengths, approximately 1/2 inch per unit of restoration.
2) Replace the caps immediately.
3) Incorporate the two pastes together.
4) Mix while wiping the material over an area of the mixing pad.
5) The material should be smooth and creamy and prepared within 20-30 seconds.
6) Immediately fill the temporary coverage w the cement. Fill the provisional rather than
line it, since the material is weaker than permanent cement.
7) Clean and disinfect the equipment immediately.
✔✔Mixing zinc-oxide eugenol for permanent cementation - ✔✔1) Measure the powder
and place it onto the mixing pad. Replace the cap on the powder immediately.
2) Dispense the liquid near the powder on the mixing pad. Replace the cap on the liquid
container immediately.
3) Incorporate the powder into the liquid all at once; spatulate for 30 seconds.
4) Initially, the mix is putty-like, but with additional mixing for 30 seconds, it will become
more fluid for loading into a casting.
5) Clean and disinfect the equipment immediately.
✔✔Mixing polycarboxylate for permanent cementation - ✔✔1) Gently shake the powder
to fluff the ingredients. Measure the powder onto the mixing pad and immediately recap.
2) Dispense liquid then recap.
3) Use flat side of spatula to incorporate all powder quickly into the liquid at one time.
The mix must be completed within 30 seconds.
4) A correct mix should be somewhat thick and should have a shiny, glossy surface. If
material has lost its glossiness or exhibits a stringy weblike consistency, it has begun
setting and should not be used.
5) Clean and disinfect equipment immediately.
,✔✔Mixing zinc phosphate for permanent cementation - ✔✔Preparing the mix
1) Dispense the powder toward one end of the cool glass slab and the liquid toward the
opposite end.
2) Recap the containers.
3) Divide powder into small increments as directed by manufacturer.
4) Incorporate each powder increment into the liquid. Smaller increments used first.
Mixing time per increment varies, approximately 15-20 seconds.
5)Spatulate the mix thoroughly, using broad strokes or a figure 8 movement over a large
area of the slab. This aids in dissipating the heat generated during mixing.
6) Test material for appropriate cementation consistency. The cement should string up
and break about 1 inch from the slab. Total mixing time is approximately 1-2 minutes.
Placing cement in the casting
7) In addition to preparing and mixing material, the DA will have the important
responsibility of placing cement into casting.
8) Hold casting w inner portion facing upward.
9) Retrieve cement onto spatula. Scrape the edge of the spatula along the margin to
cause the cement to flow from the spatula into the casting.
10) Place the tip of the spatula or a black spoon into the bulk of the cement; move
material so that it covers all internal walls with a thin lining of cement.
11) Turn the casting over in your palm and transfer to dentist.
12) Transfer a cotton roll so that the pt can bite down to help seat crown and remove
excess cement.
13) Clean and disinfect equipment immediately.
✔✔Removing cement from permanent or temporary cementation (EFDA) - ✔✔1) After
the cement has completed its initial setting, remove the cotton rolls from the area.
2) Using your explorer, examine the material to ensure the proper set.
3) With a firm fulcrum, take the edge of the explorer and carefully move the instrument
in a horizontal direction, pulling the excess material away from the tooth. Pulling the
material down away from the casting will stretch or weaken the material directly under
the margins.
4) With the tip of the instrument at the gingival edge of the crown, use overlapping
strokes to remove the bulk of the cement.
5) Follow along the margin to remove small pieces that are still adhering to the surface.
6) Tie a knot in the middle of the dental floss, and pass it through the contact on both
sides to remove excess cement from the interproximal area. The knot adds extra mass
for removing the cement from this space.
7) After the excess cement has been removed, thoroughly rinse and dry the area for
evaluation of the procedure.
✔✔Taking a mandibular preliminary impression (EFDA) - ✔✔Preparation
1) Gather all necessary supplies.
2) Seat and prepare the pt.
3) Explain the procedure to the pt.
, 4) Select and prepare the mandibular impression tray.
5) Take two measures of room temperature water with two scoops of alginate. Mix the
material.
Loading the mandibular impression tray
6) Gather half the alginate in the bowl onto the spatula, then wipe alginate into one side
of the tray from the lingual side. Quickly press the material down to the base of the tray.
This removes any air bubbles trapped in the tray.
7) Gather the remaining half of the alginate in the bowl onto the spatula; then load the
other side of the tray in the same way.
8) Smooth the surface of the alginate by wiping a moistened finger along the surface.
Seating the mandibular impression tray
9) Place additional material over the occlusal surfaces of the mandibular teeth. This
places extra material in the fissures and interproximal surfaces to create less
discrepancy in the anatomy of the impression.
10) Retract the patient's cheek with your index finger.
11) Turn the tray slightly sideways when placing into the mouth.
12) Center the tray over the teeth.
13) Press down the posterior border of the tray first to form a seal.
14) Push down the anterior portion of the tray and ask the pt to lift the tongue to the roof
of the mouth and then relax it. This allows the alginate to form an impression of the
lingual aspect of the alveolar process.
15) Instruct the pt to breathe normally while the tray is in place.
16) Observe the alginate around the tray to determine when the material has set. When
set, the material should not register a dent when pressed with a finger.
Removing the mandibular impression
17) First, place your fingers on the top of the impression tray. This protects the maxillary
teeth from damage during removal of the ma
✔✔Taking a maxillary preliminary impression (EFDA) - ✔✔Preparation
1) Gather all necessary supplies.
2) Seat and prepare the pt.
3) Explain the procedure to the pt.
4) Select and prepare the mandibular impression tray.
5) Take two measures of room temperature water with two scoops of alginate. Mix the
material.
Loading the maxillary impression tray
6) Load the maxillary tray in one large increment, using a wiping motion to fill the tray
from the posterior end. This helps prevent the formation of air bubbles in the material.
7) Place the bulk of the material toward the anterior palatal area of the tray. This
prevents the alginate from flowing beyond the tray and into the throat during tray
placement.
8) Moisten fingertips w tap water and smooth the surface of the alginate.
SOLUTIONS RATED A+
✔✔Applying a bonding system (EFDA) - ✔✔1) Position yourself as the operator.
2) Using the mirror and the explorer, examine the cavity outline of the preparation, and
determine where the material is to be placed.
3) The cavity preparation and the enamel margins should be etched according to the
manufacturer's direction.
4) If a metal matrix band is used, the band is prepared with cavity varnish or wax before
placement around the tooth. This prevents the bonding resin and the amalgam from
adhering to the surface. No varnish should come in contact w the tooth because this
would interfere w the bonding effects of the resin primers.
5) The dual-cured adhesive resin is placed in the entire cavity preparation and is lightly
air-thinned. The resin should appear unset or partially set.
6) The restorative material is mixed and then is readied for placement into the cavity
preparation. This is to integrate the restorative material and bonding material at the
preparation walls before the resin had time to polymerize.
7) Have the dentist evaluate your skills.
8) Document the procedure.
✔✔Mixing glass ionomer cement - ✔✔1) Dispense the manufacturer's recommended
proportion of the liquid on one half of the paper pad
2) Dispense the manufacturer's recommended portion of the powder on the other half of
the pad; this is usually divided into two or three increments.
3) Incorporate the powder into the liquid, following the recommended mixing time. The
material should have a glossy appearance.
4) Clean and disinfect equipment immediately
✔✔Mixing composite resin for permanent cementation - ✔✔1) Apply etchant to enamel
and dentin for 15 seconds; then rinse. Blot excess water w a moist cotton pellet, leaving
the tooth moist. You do not want the tooth completely dry.
2) Apply a bond adhesive to enamel and dentin; then dry gently. Avoid excess adhesive
on all prepared surfaces.
3) Light-cure each surface for 10 seconds.
4) Apply primer to etched porcelain or roughened metal surfaces. Dry for 5 seconds.
5) Dispense a 1:1 ratio onto a mixing pad; then mix for 10 seconds. Apply a thin layer of
cement to the bonding surface of restoration.
,6) Once crown is seated, margins may be light cured for 40 seconds or allowed to self
cure for 10 minutes from the start of mixing. For porcelain and precured composite
crowns, margins must be light-cured for 40 seconds.
✔✔Mixing zinc oxide-eugenol for temporary cementation - ✔✔1) Measure the pastes
onto the mixing pad at equal lengths, approximately 1/2 inch per unit of restoration.
2) Replace the caps immediately.
3) Incorporate the two pastes together.
4) Mix while wiping the material over an area of the mixing pad.
5) The material should be smooth and creamy and prepared within 20-30 seconds.
6) Immediately fill the temporary coverage w the cement. Fill the provisional rather than
line it, since the material is weaker than permanent cement.
7) Clean and disinfect the equipment immediately.
✔✔Mixing zinc-oxide eugenol for permanent cementation - ✔✔1) Measure the powder
and place it onto the mixing pad. Replace the cap on the powder immediately.
2) Dispense the liquid near the powder on the mixing pad. Replace the cap on the liquid
container immediately.
3) Incorporate the powder into the liquid all at once; spatulate for 30 seconds.
4) Initially, the mix is putty-like, but with additional mixing for 30 seconds, it will become
more fluid for loading into a casting.
5) Clean and disinfect the equipment immediately.
✔✔Mixing polycarboxylate for permanent cementation - ✔✔1) Gently shake the powder
to fluff the ingredients. Measure the powder onto the mixing pad and immediately recap.
2) Dispense liquid then recap.
3) Use flat side of spatula to incorporate all powder quickly into the liquid at one time.
The mix must be completed within 30 seconds.
4) A correct mix should be somewhat thick and should have a shiny, glossy surface. If
material has lost its glossiness or exhibits a stringy weblike consistency, it has begun
setting and should not be used.
5) Clean and disinfect equipment immediately.
,✔✔Mixing zinc phosphate for permanent cementation - ✔✔Preparing the mix
1) Dispense the powder toward one end of the cool glass slab and the liquid toward the
opposite end.
2) Recap the containers.
3) Divide powder into small increments as directed by manufacturer.
4) Incorporate each powder increment into the liquid. Smaller increments used first.
Mixing time per increment varies, approximately 15-20 seconds.
5)Spatulate the mix thoroughly, using broad strokes or a figure 8 movement over a large
area of the slab. This aids in dissipating the heat generated during mixing.
6) Test material for appropriate cementation consistency. The cement should string up
and break about 1 inch from the slab. Total mixing time is approximately 1-2 minutes.
Placing cement in the casting
7) In addition to preparing and mixing material, the DA will have the important
responsibility of placing cement into casting.
8) Hold casting w inner portion facing upward.
9) Retrieve cement onto spatula. Scrape the edge of the spatula along the margin to
cause the cement to flow from the spatula into the casting.
10) Place the tip of the spatula or a black spoon into the bulk of the cement; move
material so that it covers all internal walls with a thin lining of cement.
11) Turn the casting over in your palm and transfer to dentist.
12) Transfer a cotton roll so that the pt can bite down to help seat crown and remove
excess cement.
13) Clean and disinfect equipment immediately.
✔✔Removing cement from permanent or temporary cementation (EFDA) - ✔✔1) After
the cement has completed its initial setting, remove the cotton rolls from the area.
2) Using your explorer, examine the material to ensure the proper set.
3) With a firm fulcrum, take the edge of the explorer and carefully move the instrument
in a horizontal direction, pulling the excess material away from the tooth. Pulling the
material down away from the casting will stretch or weaken the material directly under
the margins.
4) With the tip of the instrument at the gingival edge of the crown, use overlapping
strokes to remove the bulk of the cement.
5) Follow along the margin to remove small pieces that are still adhering to the surface.
6) Tie a knot in the middle of the dental floss, and pass it through the contact on both
sides to remove excess cement from the interproximal area. The knot adds extra mass
for removing the cement from this space.
7) After the excess cement has been removed, thoroughly rinse and dry the area for
evaluation of the procedure.
✔✔Taking a mandibular preliminary impression (EFDA) - ✔✔Preparation
1) Gather all necessary supplies.
2) Seat and prepare the pt.
3) Explain the procedure to the pt.
, 4) Select and prepare the mandibular impression tray.
5) Take two measures of room temperature water with two scoops of alginate. Mix the
material.
Loading the mandibular impression tray
6) Gather half the alginate in the bowl onto the spatula, then wipe alginate into one side
of the tray from the lingual side. Quickly press the material down to the base of the tray.
This removes any air bubbles trapped in the tray.
7) Gather the remaining half of the alginate in the bowl onto the spatula; then load the
other side of the tray in the same way.
8) Smooth the surface of the alginate by wiping a moistened finger along the surface.
Seating the mandibular impression tray
9) Place additional material over the occlusal surfaces of the mandibular teeth. This
places extra material in the fissures and interproximal surfaces to create less
discrepancy in the anatomy of the impression.
10) Retract the patient's cheek with your index finger.
11) Turn the tray slightly sideways when placing into the mouth.
12) Center the tray over the teeth.
13) Press down the posterior border of the tray first to form a seal.
14) Push down the anterior portion of the tray and ask the pt to lift the tongue to the roof
of the mouth and then relax it. This allows the alginate to form an impression of the
lingual aspect of the alveolar process.
15) Instruct the pt to breathe normally while the tray is in place.
16) Observe the alginate around the tray to determine when the material has set. When
set, the material should not register a dent when pressed with a finger.
Removing the mandibular impression
17) First, place your fingers on the top of the impression tray. This protects the maxillary
teeth from damage during removal of the ma
✔✔Taking a maxillary preliminary impression (EFDA) - ✔✔Preparation
1) Gather all necessary supplies.
2) Seat and prepare the pt.
3) Explain the procedure to the pt.
4) Select and prepare the mandibular impression tray.
5) Take two measures of room temperature water with two scoops of alginate. Mix the
material.
Loading the maxillary impression tray
6) Load the maxillary tray in one large increment, using a wiping motion to fill the tray
from the posterior end. This helps prevent the formation of air bubbles in the material.
7) Place the bulk of the material toward the anterior palatal area of the tray. This
prevents the alginate from flowing beyond the tray and into the throat during tray
placement.
8) Moisten fingertips w tap water and smooth the surface of the alginate.
