NSG 3600 EXAM 1 QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS
Describe-nursing-interventions-used-to-break-the-chain-of-infection---ans---The-6-points-in-
the-chain-of-infection:-the-infectious-agent,-reservoir,-portal-of-exit,-mode-of-transmission,-
portal-of-entry,-and-susceptible-host.
Nurses-can-break-the-chain-by-washing-hands,-staying-up-to-date-on-vaccines,-covering-
coughs-and-sneezes,-using-necessary-PPE,-and-practicing-asepsis.
Identify-situations-in-which-hand-hygiene-is-indicated.---ans---Moment-1---Before-touching-
a-patient-
Moment-2---Before-a-clean-or-aseptic-procedure-
Moment-3---After-a-body-fluid-exposure-risk
Moment-4---After-touching-a-patient-
Moment-5---After-touching-patient-surroundings
Describe-strategies-for-implementing-CDC-guidelines-for-standard-and-transmission-
based-precautions-when-caring-for-patients.---ans---•-Transmission-based-precautions:-
CDC-precautions-used-in-patients-known-or-suspected-to-be-infected-with-pathogens-that-
can-be-transmitted-by-airborne,-droplet,-or-contact-routes;-used-in-addition-to-standard-
precautions
•-The-2007-guidelines-include-a-directive-to-don-personal-protective-equipment-(PPE)-
when-entering-the-room-of-a-patient-on-contact-or-droplet-precautions.-These-categories-
recognize-that-a-disease-may-have-multiple-routes-of-transmission.
•-The-three-types-of-transmission-based-precautions-(airborne,-droplet,-or-contact)-may-
be-used-alone-or-in-combination,-but-always-in-addition-to-standard-precautions.
Differentiate-recommended-techniques-for-medical-and-surgical-asepsis.---ans---•-
Asepsis-is-the-absence-of-infection-(microbes).-We-are-responsible-for-always-working-
towards-asepsis
•-Medical-asepsis--clean-technique.-
•-Surgical-asepsis--sterile-technique
Define-and-describe-the-purpose-of-the-five-types-of-nursing-assessments.-Initial-
Assessment----ans---•-Initial-(Comprehensive)-Assessment--performed-shortly-after-the-
patient-is-admitted-to-a-health-care-agency-or-service.
, o-The-purpose-of-this-assessment-is-to-establish-a-complete-database-for-problem-
identification-and-care-planning.-The-nurse-collects-data-concerning-all-aspects-of-the-
patient's-health,-establishing-priorities-for-ongoing-focused-assessments-and-creating-a-
reference-baseline-for-future-comparison.
Define-and-describe-the-purpose-of-the-five-types-of-nursing-assessments.-Focused-
Assessment----ans---nurse-gathers-data-about-a-specific-problem-that-has-already-been-
identified.
o-Questions-include:-what-are-your-signs-and-symptoms?-When-did-they-start?-Were-you-
doing-anything-different-than-usual-when-they-started?-What-makes-them-better?-
Worse?-Are-you-taking-anything-for-your-symptoms?
o-This-is-where-we-use-OPQRSTU-(onset,-palliative-factors,-quality-of-signs/symptoms,-
region,-severity,-timing,-understanding)
Define-and-describe-the-purpose-of-the-five-types-of-nursing-assessments.-Follow-Up-
Assessment----ans---one-that-is-conducted-at-regular-intervals-during-care-of-the-patient.-
Focuses-on-identified-health-problems-to-monitor-positive-or-negative-changes-and-
evaluate-the-effectiveness-of-interventions.
Define-and-describe-the-purpose-of-the-five-types-of-nursing-assessments.-Emergency-
Assessment---ans---performed-when-a-physiologic-or-psychological-crisis-presents-to-
identify-life-threatening-problems.
Define-and-describe-the-purpose-of-the-five-types-of-nursing-assessments.Time-Lapsed-
Assessment---ans-----scheduled-to-compare-a-patient's-current-status-to-the-baseline-
data-obtained-earlier.
o-Patients-in-residential-settings-(ex:-nursing-homes)-are-scheduled-for-periodic-
assessments.
Describe-strategies-of-a-general-survey.---ans---•-This-is-the-first-component-of-the-
physical-assessment-and-is-aimed-at-the-overall-impression-of-the-patient.-
•-It-includes-observing-the-patient's-overall-appearance-and-behavior,-taking-vital-signs,-
measuring-height,-weight,-and-waist-circumference,-and-calculating-the-body-mass-index-
(BMI).-Information-from-the-general-survey-provides-clues-to-the-patient's-overall-health.
•-This-establishes-patient-safety!!
Differentiate-between-objective-and-subjective-assessment-data.---ans---•-Subjective--
What-the-patient-or-family/caregivers-says.-Part-of-the-patient-interview.-
•-Objective--What-we-observe-with-our-senses:-labs,-vital-signs,-exams,-reports,-etc.-
These-are-measurable-and-things-others-could-observe
Obtain-a-nursing-history-using-effective-interviewing-techniques.---ans---•-During-the-
nursing-history,-interview-patients-regarding-their-daily-activity-level,-endurance,-exercise-
and-fitness-goals,-mobility-problems,-physical-or-mental-health-alterations-that-affect-
mobility,-and-external-factors-affecting-mobility.-Questioning-patients-about-their-fitness-
goals-is-important-to-provide-an-indication-of-the-patient's-view-of-health.
ANSWERS
Describe-nursing-interventions-used-to-break-the-chain-of-infection---ans---The-6-points-in-
the-chain-of-infection:-the-infectious-agent,-reservoir,-portal-of-exit,-mode-of-transmission,-
portal-of-entry,-and-susceptible-host.
Nurses-can-break-the-chain-by-washing-hands,-staying-up-to-date-on-vaccines,-covering-
coughs-and-sneezes,-using-necessary-PPE,-and-practicing-asepsis.
Identify-situations-in-which-hand-hygiene-is-indicated.---ans---Moment-1---Before-touching-
a-patient-
Moment-2---Before-a-clean-or-aseptic-procedure-
Moment-3---After-a-body-fluid-exposure-risk
Moment-4---After-touching-a-patient-
Moment-5---After-touching-patient-surroundings
Describe-strategies-for-implementing-CDC-guidelines-for-standard-and-transmission-
based-precautions-when-caring-for-patients.---ans---•-Transmission-based-precautions:-
CDC-precautions-used-in-patients-known-or-suspected-to-be-infected-with-pathogens-that-
can-be-transmitted-by-airborne,-droplet,-or-contact-routes;-used-in-addition-to-standard-
precautions
•-The-2007-guidelines-include-a-directive-to-don-personal-protective-equipment-(PPE)-
when-entering-the-room-of-a-patient-on-contact-or-droplet-precautions.-These-categories-
recognize-that-a-disease-may-have-multiple-routes-of-transmission.
•-The-three-types-of-transmission-based-precautions-(airborne,-droplet,-or-contact)-may-
be-used-alone-or-in-combination,-but-always-in-addition-to-standard-precautions.
Differentiate-recommended-techniques-for-medical-and-surgical-asepsis.---ans---•-
Asepsis-is-the-absence-of-infection-(microbes).-We-are-responsible-for-always-working-
towards-asepsis
•-Medical-asepsis--clean-technique.-
•-Surgical-asepsis--sterile-technique
Define-and-describe-the-purpose-of-the-five-types-of-nursing-assessments.-Initial-
Assessment----ans---•-Initial-(Comprehensive)-Assessment--performed-shortly-after-the-
patient-is-admitted-to-a-health-care-agency-or-service.
, o-The-purpose-of-this-assessment-is-to-establish-a-complete-database-for-problem-
identification-and-care-planning.-The-nurse-collects-data-concerning-all-aspects-of-the-
patient's-health,-establishing-priorities-for-ongoing-focused-assessments-and-creating-a-
reference-baseline-for-future-comparison.
Define-and-describe-the-purpose-of-the-five-types-of-nursing-assessments.-Focused-
Assessment----ans---nurse-gathers-data-about-a-specific-problem-that-has-already-been-
identified.
o-Questions-include:-what-are-your-signs-and-symptoms?-When-did-they-start?-Were-you-
doing-anything-different-than-usual-when-they-started?-What-makes-them-better?-
Worse?-Are-you-taking-anything-for-your-symptoms?
o-This-is-where-we-use-OPQRSTU-(onset,-palliative-factors,-quality-of-signs/symptoms,-
region,-severity,-timing,-understanding)
Define-and-describe-the-purpose-of-the-five-types-of-nursing-assessments.-Follow-Up-
Assessment----ans---one-that-is-conducted-at-regular-intervals-during-care-of-the-patient.-
Focuses-on-identified-health-problems-to-monitor-positive-or-negative-changes-and-
evaluate-the-effectiveness-of-interventions.
Define-and-describe-the-purpose-of-the-five-types-of-nursing-assessments.-Emergency-
Assessment---ans---performed-when-a-physiologic-or-psychological-crisis-presents-to-
identify-life-threatening-problems.
Define-and-describe-the-purpose-of-the-five-types-of-nursing-assessments.Time-Lapsed-
Assessment---ans-----scheduled-to-compare-a-patient's-current-status-to-the-baseline-
data-obtained-earlier.
o-Patients-in-residential-settings-(ex:-nursing-homes)-are-scheduled-for-periodic-
assessments.
Describe-strategies-of-a-general-survey.---ans---•-This-is-the-first-component-of-the-
physical-assessment-and-is-aimed-at-the-overall-impression-of-the-patient.-
•-It-includes-observing-the-patient's-overall-appearance-and-behavior,-taking-vital-signs,-
measuring-height,-weight,-and-waist-circumference,-and-calculating-the-body-mass-index-
(BMI).-Information-from-the-general-survey-provides-clues-to-the-patient's-overall-health.
•-This-establishes-patient-safety!!
Differentiate-between-objective-and-subjective-assessment-data.---ans---•-Subjective--
What-the-patient-or-family/caregivers-says.-Part-of-the-patient-interview.-
•-Objective--What-we-observe-with-our-senses:-labs,-vital-signs,-exams,-reports,-etc.-
These-are-measurable-and-things-others-could-observe
Obtain-a-nursing-history-using-effective-interviewing-techniques.---ans---•-During-the-
nursing-history,-interview-patients-regarding-their-daily-activity-level,-endurance,-exercise-
and-fitness-goals,-mobility-problems,-physical-or-mental-health-alterations-that-affect-
mobility,-and-external-factors-affecting-mobility.-Questioning-patients-about-their-fitness-
goals-is-important-to-provide-an-indication-of-the-patient's-view-of-health.
