WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS FINAL EXAM 2026 ACTUAL
QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS RATED A+
✔✔What are the six types of pressure? - ✔✔Atmospheric Pressure
Head pressure
Static pressure
Normal operating pressure
Residual pressure
Flow pressure (Velocity pressure)
✔✔What is atmospheric pressure? - ✔✔The pressure that is exerted on the earth by the
atmosphere itself
✔✔What is head pressure? - ✔✔The height that a pressure can lift a column of liquid -
A tank 100ft deep has 100ft of head
✔✔What is static pressure? - ✔✔It is stored potential energy available to force water
though pipes, fittings, fire hose, and adapters
✔✔What is normal operating pressure? - ✔✔The pressure that is found in a distribution
system during normal operating hours
✔✔What is residual pressure? - ✔✔It is part of the total available pressure not used to
overcome friction loss or gravity while forcing water through fittings, pipes, fire hose and
adapters.
✔✔What is flow pressure? - ✔✔It is the forward velocity pressure while water is flowing
✔✔What is friction loss? - ✔✔The total pressure lost while forcing water through pipes,
fittings, fire hose and adapters
✔✔What are six reasons friction loss occurs? - ✔✔Movement of water molecules
against each other
Condition, age, or interior surface of a pipe
Couplings, valves, appliances, and fittings
Sharp bends
Changes in diameter of pipe or hose
Improper gasket size
✔✔First principle of friction loss - ✔✔If all other conditions are the same, friction loss
varies proportionately with the length of the hose or pipe
✔✔Second principle of friction loss - ✔✔When hoses or pipes are the same size, friction
loss varies approximately with the square of the increase in the velocity of the flow
, ✔✔Third principle of friction loss - ✔✔For the same discharge, friction loss varies
inversely to the fifth power of the diameter of the hose
✔✔Forth principle of friction loss - ✔✔For a given flow velocity, friction loss is
approximately the same regardless of the pressure on the water
✔✔Means of moving water - ✔✔Direct pumping system
Gravity System
Combination system
✔✔What makes up a public water supply system? - ✔✔Sources of water supply
Water processing or treatment facilities
Means of moving water
Water Storage and distribution systems
✔✔Grid systems should include what four components? - ✔✔Primary feeders
Secondary feeders
Distributers
and Circulating Feed
✔✔Where are Private Water supplies usually found? - ✔✔Large commercial, industrial,
or institutional properties
✔✔What three thingsaffet the performace of a water piping system? - ✔✔Piping
materials
Pipe Diameter
Piping arrangements
✔✔What are generally the materials used in piping? - ✔✔Cast Iron
Ductile Iron
asbestos cement
Steel
Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)
Plastic
Concrete
✔✔3 types of Piping arrangements - ✔✔Loop system
Grid System
Dead-end system
✔✔What do water main valves do? - ✔✔They provide the ability to isolate portions of
the systems
✔✔What are the two types of fire hydrants? - ✔✔Wet Barrel
Dry Barrel
QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS RATED A+
✔✔What are the six types of pressure? - ✔✔Atmospheric Pressure
Head pressure
Static pressure
Normal operating pressure
Residual pressure
Flow pressure (Velocity pressure)
✔✔What is atmospheric pressure? - ✔✔The pressure that is exerted on the earth by the
atmosphere itself
✔✔What is head pressure? - ✔✔The height that a pressure can lift a column of liquid -
A tank 100ft deep has 100ft of head
✔✔What is static pressure? - ✔✔It is stored potential energy available to force water
though pipes, fittings, fire hose, and adapters
✔✔What is normal operating pressure? - ✔✔The pressure that is found in a distribution
system during normal operating hours
✔✔What is residual pressure? - ✔✔It is part of the total available pressure not used to
overcome friction loss or gravity while forcing water through fittings, pipes, fire hose and
adapters.
✔✔What is flow pressure? - ✔✔It is the forward velocity pressure while water is flowing
✔✔What is friction loss? - ✔✔The total pressure lost while forcing water through pipes,
fittings, fire hose and adapters
✔✔What are six reasons friction loss occurs? - ✔✔Movement of water molecules
against each other
Condition, age, or interior surface of a pipe
Couplings, valves, appliances, and fittings
Sharp bends
Changes in diameter of pipe or hose
Improper gasket size
✔✔First principle of friction loss - ✔✔If all other conditions are the same, friction loss
varies proportionately with the length of the hose or pipe
✔✔Second principle of friction loss - ✔✔When hoses or pipes are the same size, friction
loss varies approximately with the square of the increase in the velocity of the flow
, ✔✔Third principle of friction loss - ✔✔For the same discharge, friction loss varies
inversely to the fifth power of the diameter of the hose
✔✔Forth principle of friction loss - ✔✔For a given flow velocity, friction loss is
approximately the same regardless of the pressure on the water
✔✔Means of moving water - ✔✔Direct pumping system
Gravity System
Combination system
✔✔What makes up a public water supply system? - ✔✔Sources of water supply
Water processing or treatment facilities
Means of moving water
Water Storage and distribution systems
✔✔Grid systems should include what four components? - ✔✔Primary feeders
Secondary feeders
Distributers
and Circulating Feed
✔✔Where are Private Water supplies usually found? - ✔✔Large commercial, industrial,
or institutional properties
✔✔What three thingsaffet the performace of a water piping system? - ✔✔Piping
materials
Pipe Diameter
Piping arrangements
✔✔What are generally the materials used in piping? - ✔✔Cast Iron
Ductile Iron
asbestos cement
Steel
Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)
Plastic
Concrete
✔✔3 types of Piping arrangements - ✔✔Loop system
Grid System
Dead-end system
✔✔What do water main valves do? - ✔✔They provide the ability to isolate portions of
the systems
✔✔What are the two types of fire hydrants? - ✔✔Wet Barrel
Dry Barrel
