2
NOCTI exam criminal justice with accurate detailed || || || || || || ||
solutions
Voir Dire - ✔✔the process to determine if potential jurors have any bias whatsoever, and if they
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
should be able to participate in jury duty
|| || || || || || ||
Acquit - ✔✔a judge/jury finds a convicted person innocent and clear them of certain charges
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
Adjudicate - ✔✔the act of resolving a dispute or deciding a case || || || || || || || || || || ||
Allen Charge - ✔✔an instruction given by a court to a deadlocked jury to encourage it to continue
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
deliberating until it reaches a verdict
|| || || || || ||
Bench Trial - ✔✔A trial conducted before a judge presiding without a jury
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
Beyond Reasonable Doubt - ✔✔the standard of proof that must be met in order to convict a
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
criminal defendant of a crime; means we are 99% sure the defendant committed the crime
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
Nolo Contendere - ✔✔the defendant doesn't accept or deny responsibility for the charges but
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
agrees to accept punishment
|| || ||
Appellate Courts - ✔✔part of the judicial system that is responsible for hearing and reviewing
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
appeals from legal cases that have already been heard in a trial-level or other lower court
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
Restorative Justice - ✔✔focuses on repairing the harm caused to people/relationships as a result
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
of crime; involves victims, offenders, and community members meeting together
|| || || || || || || || ||
, 2
Shock Probation - ✔✔judge orders a convicted offender to prison for a short time (usually three
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
months), then suspends the remainder of the sentence in favor or probation
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
Technical Violation - ✔✔misbehavior by an offender under supervision that isn't by itself a
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
criminal offense and generally doesn't result in arrest; violation of the terms of probation
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
Work-release Program - ✔✔enables inmates who have demonstrated positive work ethic to leave || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
prison/jail to work, and must return to prison/jail when shift is over
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
Grand Jury - ✔✔a jury typically of 23 people selected to examine the validity of an accusation
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
before trial; decides if there is enough evidence to charge someone
|| || || || || || || || || ||
Court Branches - ✔✔executive, legislative, judicial
|| || || || ||
Bifurcated Trials - ✔✔judge's ability in law to divide a trial into two parts as to render a
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
judgement on a set of legal issues without looking at all aspects' usually in criminal trials - one
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
trial determines guilt and the other determines punishment
|| || || || || || ||
Circumstantial Evidence - ✔✔evidence that relies on an inference to connect it to a conclusion of || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
fact, such as a fingerprint at the scene of the crime; suggests a fact is true but doesn't prove it
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
Civil Trials - ✔✔a judge or jury examines the evidence to decide whether by a "preponderance of
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
the evidence" the defendant should be held legally responsible for the damages alleged by the
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
plaintiff
Deliberation - ✔✔the process by which a jury in a trial in court discusses in private the findings
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
of the court and decides the guilt or innocence of the defendant
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
General Deterrence - ✔✔The action of discouraging an action or event through instilling doubt or
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
fear of the consequences - meant to deter society
|| || || || || || || || ||
NOCTI exam criminal justice with accurate detailed || || || || || || ||
solutions
Voir Dire - ✔✔the process to determine if potential jurors have any bias whatsoever, and if they
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
should be able to participate in jury duty
|| || || || || || ||
Acquit - ✔✔a judge/jury finds a convicted person innocent and clear them of certain charges
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
Adjudicate - ✔✔the act of resolving a dispute or deciding a case || || || || || || || || || || ||
Allen Charge - ✔✔an instruction given by a court to a deadlocked jury to encourage it to continue
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
deliberating until it reaches a verdict
|| || || || || ||
Bench Trial - ✔✔A trial conducted before a judge presiding without a jury
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
Beyond Reasonable Doubt - ✔✔the standard of proof that must be met in order to convict a
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
criminal defendant of a crime; means we are 99% sure the defendant committed the crime
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
Nolo Contendere - ✔✔the defendant doesn't accept or deny responsibility for the charges but
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
agrees to accept punishment
|| || ||
Appellate Courts - ✔✔part of the judicial system that is responsible for hearing and reviewing
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
appeals from legal cases that have already been heard in a trial-level or other lower court
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
Restorative Justice - ✔✔focuses on repairing the harm caused to people/relationships as a result
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
of crime; involves victims, offenders, and community members meeting together
|| || || || || || || || ||
, 2
Shock Probation - ✔✔judge orders a convicted offender to prison for a short time (usually three
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
months), then suspends the remainder of the sentence in favor or probation
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
Technical Violation - ✔✔misbehavior by an offender under supervision that isn't by itself a
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
criminal offense and generally doesn't result in arrest; violation of the terms of probation
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
Work-release Program - ✔✔enables inmates who have demonstrated positive work ethic to leave || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
prison/jail to work, and must return to prison/jail when shift is over
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
Grand Jury - ✔✔a jury typically of 23 people selected to examine the validity of an accusation
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
before trial; decides if there is enough evidence to charge someone
|| || || || || || || || || ||
Court Branches - ✔✔executive, legislative, judicial
|| || || || ||
Bifurcated Trials - ✔✔judge's ability in law to divide a trial into two parts as to render a
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
judgement on a set of legal issues without looking at all aspects' usually in criminal trials - one
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
trial determines guilt and the other determines punishment
|| || || || || || ||
Circumstantial Evidence - ✔✔evidence that relies on an inference to connect it to a conclusion of || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
fact, such as a fingerprint at the scene of the crime; suggests a fact is true but doesn't prove it
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
Civil Trials - ✔✔a judge or jury examines the evidence to decide whether by a "preponderance of
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
the evidence" the defendant should be held legally responsible for the damages alleged by the
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
plaintiff
Deliberation - ✔✔the process by which a jury in a trial in court discusses in private the findings
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
of the court and decides the guilt or innocence of the defendant
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
General Deterrence - ✔✔The action of discouraging an action or event through instilling doubt or
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
fear of the consequences - meant to deter society
|| || || || || || || || ||
