2
Criminal Justice NOCTI Exam with precise detailed answers || || || || || || ||
How should liquid blood stains be collected and stored? - ✔✔Blood that is in liquid pools should
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
be picked up on a gauze pad or other clean sterile cotton cloth and allowed to air dry thoroughly,
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
at room temperature. It should be refrigerated or frozen as soon as possible and brought to the
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
Laboratory as quickly as possible. Delays beyond 48 hours may make the samples useless. || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
How should dried blood stains be collected and stored? - ✔✔• On clothing, if possible, wrap the
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
item in clean paper, place the article in a brown paper bag or box and seal and label container. Do
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
not attempt to remove stains from the cloth.
|| || || || || || || ||
• On small solid objects, send the whole stained object to the Laboratory, after labeling and
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
packaging.
• On large solid objects, cover the stained area with clean paper and seal the edges down with tape
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
to prevent loss or contamination. If impractical to deliver the whole object to the Laboratory,
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
scrape the stain onto a clean piece of paper, which can be folded and placed in an envelope. Do
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
not scrape directly into evidence envelope. Scrape blood from objects using a freshly washed and
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
dried knife or similar tool. Wash and dry the tool before each stain is scraped off. Seal and mark
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
the envelope. ||
• Do not mix dried stains. Place each stain in a separate envelope.
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
• Never attempt to wipe dried stains from an object using a moistened cloth or paper.
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
How are autopsy blood samples collected? - ✔✔Request that pathologist obtain the sample
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
directly from the heart into a yellow (ACD) or purple stoppered vacutainer (some labs request
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
both). In rare cases when no liquid blood is available, ask pathologist to collect a section of liver,
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
bone, and/or deep muscle tissue and freeze for typing. In such cases, proceed also with collection
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
of a secondary standard as described below.
|| || || || || ||
How do you collect blood samples from a live victim? - ✔✔For typing purposes, have sample
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
drawn into yellow and purple stoppered vacutainers. Note these are distinguished from the BA
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
tubes which have grey stoppers. || || || ||
If the victim is injured to the extent that a transfusion is necessary, make an effort to obtain or
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
begin necessary procedures to obtain the pre-transfusion sample collected by the hospital. These
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
samples are not retained for long periods by the hospital, so it is important to act promptly. Also,
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
,2
make sure that some bloodstained garment worn by the individual has been air dried and frozen to
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
serve as a secondary standard.
|| || || || ||
What is the steps in handling and storage of physiological fluid evidence? - ✔✔Stains and
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
Controls
1. Air dry|| || ||
2. Package in paper
|| || || ||
3. Freeze || ||
Consider special handling of non-absorbent items on (metal or plastic). Any condensation from
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
thawing could disturb or destroy such evidence. Such items should be kept at room temperature
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
and submitted to the lab as soon as possible.
|| || || || || || || ||
Basic rules of blood storage - ✔✔• Refrigerate, do not freeze standards collected in yellow
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
stoppered vacutainers. ||
• Submit to the lab as soon as possible.
|| || || || || || || ||
What are the basic rules of saliva collection and storage? - ✔✔• Collect on a sterile gauze pad or
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
swabs, allow to air dry and package in paper. Do not use plastic containers.
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
Where are seminal stains usually found and what is the proper packaging of them? - ✔✔•
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
Seminal stains are often, but not always, found on clothing, blankets, sheets. Allow any stains to
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
air dry, wrap in paper, and package evidence in paper bags. Do not use plastic bags.
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
How do you handle evidence collection in a sex offense case. - ✔✔the victim should always be
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
examined by a physician. A Sexual Assault Evidence Collection Kit is used to collect evidence
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
from the victim. It is very important that the instructions on the kit be followed with care in order
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
to gain the greatest benefit from the collected evidence.
|| || || || || || || ||
• Label all garments such as undershorts, panties, or other exhibits and package each garment
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
separately.
• If damp, allow fabric to dry completely before packaging.
|| || || || || || || || ||
• Handle fabrics as little as possible.
|| || || || || ||
,2
Hair collected at a crime scene is collected and packaged, how? - ✔✔• An examination of human
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
hair can occasionally reveal the possible race of the individual from whom it came and the part of
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
the body from which it originated.
|| || || || ||
• Human hair can be compared to determine whether or not two samples could have had a
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
common origin. The value of the Laboratory examinations of such specimens will depend upon
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
the amount of hair recovered and the characteristics found in the examinations.
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
• Recover all hair present. If possible, use the fingers or tweezers to pick up hair, place in paper
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
bindles or coin envelopes which should then be folded and sealed in larger envelopes. Label the
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
outer sealed envelope. || ||
• If hair is attached, such as in dry blood, or caught in metal or a crack of glass, do not attempt to
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
remove it but rather leave hair intact on the object. If the object is small, mark it, wrap it, and seal
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
it in an envelope. If the object is large, wrap the area containing the hair in paper to prevent loss of
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
hairs during shipment.
|| || ||
• How is hair In rape cases best collected from the suspect, victim, and crime scene? How many
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
samples do you need for comparision (head and pubic), do you cut or pluck them? - ✔✔the
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
victim's pubic region should be combed prior to collecting standards. Obtain known hair samples
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
from the victim, suspect, or any other possible sources for comparison with unknown specimens.
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
The recommended method for collecting head hairs is to start by having the person from whom
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
they are being collected bend over a large sheet of clean paper, rubbing or massaging their hands
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
through the hair so that loose hair will fall out on the paper. More should then be gathered by
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
plucking them from representative areas all over the head. A total or 50-100 hairs is desired. Do
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
not cut the hair. This same method may be used to collect hairs from other parts of the body. 30-60
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
pubic hairs are required. When the person is a suspect, hair should be gathered from all parts of
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
the body even though there may only be an interest in hair from the head at that particular time.
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
Where is fibers and threads, normally found? - ✔✔• Such evidence is often found in fabric
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
abrasions or caught in torn materials or other areas on hit-and-run vehicles. In some burglary || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
cases, it may be found caught in torn screens, broken glass, or other locations .
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
If threads or large fibers are found, they can often be picked up how? - ✔✔with the fingers and
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
placed in a paper bindle, then in a coin envelope, which can be sealed and marked. Never place
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
loose fibers directly into a mailing envelope since they can be lost from this type of envelope.
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
, 2
What do you do If the fibers are short or few in number? - ✔✔if it is possible to do so, wrap the
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
area or the entire item containing the fibers in paper and send the whole exhibit to the Laboratory.
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
Pick up fibers on tape only if ??? - ✔✔the laboratory in your jurisdiction allows it and gives you
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
its requirements. When fibers or threads are recovered, always send all clothing of persons from
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
which they might have originated to the Laboratory for comparison purposes.
|| || || || || || || || || ||
In sex offenses, assaults, and some other cases, it may be possible to indicate or demonstrate
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
contact between two individuals or between one other individual and some other object, such as a
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
car seat, by comparing - ✔✔fibers. Such examinations are only of value when it is known no
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
contact occurred between the two individuals or an individual and some other object prior to, or
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
subsequent to, the offense. Extra care must be taken to keep each article of clothing of each || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
individual or other object separated. Each garment should be-laid on a clean sheet of paper, and || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
separately rolled up in the paper after marking the exhibit. If the clothing of one subject touches
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
the clothing of another, or if it is laid down on the table of placed on the car seat contacted by the
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
clothing of the other suspect, the comparisons may be of no value. || || || || || || || || || || ||
Recovery of Evidence Samples of glass should be searched for and packaged how? - ✔✔• Shoes
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
and clothing of suspects or other objects contaminated with glass should be wrapped in paper and
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
submitted to the Laboratory for examination. || || || || ||
• All glass found at hit-and-run scenes should be recovered. The search should not be limited to
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
the point of impact, since headlight glass may be dropped off at some distance away as the car
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
leaves the crime scene. Glass from different locations should be kept in different containers. All
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
glass should be collected because more than one type may be present. In addition, if just a few
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
representative samples are saved, individual pieces that could be physically matched with glass || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
remaining in the headlight shell of the suspected vehicle may be overlooked. || || || || || || || || || || ||
Place small glass fragments in - ✔✔paper bindles, then in coin envelopes, pill boxes, or film cans
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
which can be marked and completely sealed. || || || || || ||
Place large glass fragments in - ✔✔boxes. Separate individual pieces with cotton or tissue to
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
prevent breakage and damaged edges during shipment. Seal and mark the box containing them.
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
Criminal Justice NOCTI Exam with precise detailed answers || || || || || || ||
How should liquid blood stains be collected and stored? - ✔✔Blood that is in liquid pools should
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
be picked up on a gauze pad or other clean sterile cotton cloth and allowed to air dry thoroughly,
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
at room temperature. It should be refrigerated or frozen as soon as possible and brought to the
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
Laboratory as quickly as possible. Delays beyond 48 hours may make the samples useless. || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
How should dried blood stains be collected and stored? - ✔✔• On clothing, if possible, wrap the
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
item in clean paper, place the article in a brown paper bag or box and seal and label container. Do
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
not attempt to remove stains from the cloth.
|| || || || || || || ||
• On small solid objects, send the whole stained object to the Laboratory, after labeling and
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
packaging.
• On large solid objects, cover the stained area with clean paper and seal the edges down with tape
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
to prevent loss or contamination. If impractical to deliver the whole object to the Laboratory,
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
scrape the stain onto a clean piece of paper, which can be folded and placed in an envelope. Do
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
not scrape directly into evidence envelope. Scrape blood from objects using a freshly washed and
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
dried knife or similar tool. Wash and dry the tool before each stain is scraped off. Seal and mark
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
the envelope. ||
• Do not mix dried stains. Place each stain in a separate envelope.
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
• Never attempt to wipe dried stains from an object using a moistened cloth or paper.
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
How are autopsy blood samples collected? - ✔✔Request that pathologist obtain the sample
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
directly from the heart into a yellow (ACD) or purple stoppered vacutainer (some labs request
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
both). In rare cases when no liquid blood is available, ask pathologist to collect a section of liver,
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
bone, and/or deep muscle tissue and freeze for typing. In such cases, proceed also with collection
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
of a secondary standard as described below.
|| || || || || ||
How do you collect blood samples from a live victim? - ✔✔For typing purposes, have sample
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
drawn into yellow and purple stoppered vacutainers. Note these are distinguished from the BA
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
tubes which have grey stoppers. || || || ||
If the victim is injured to the extent that a transfusion is necessary, make an effort to obtain or
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
begin necessary procedures to obtain the pre-transfusion sample collected by the hospital. These
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
samples are not retained for long periods by the hospital, so it is important to act promptly. Also,
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
,2
make sure that some bloodstained garment worn by the individual has been air dried and frozen to
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
serve as a secondary standard.
|| || || || ||
What is the steps in handling and storage of physiological fluid evidence? - ✔✔Stains and
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
Controls
1. Air dry|| || ||
2. Package in paper
|| || || ||
3. Freeze || ||
Consider special handling of non-absorbent items on (metal or plastic). Any condensation from
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
thawing could disturb or destroy such evidence. Such items should be kept at room temperature
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
and submitted to the lab as soon as possible.
|| || || || || || || ||
Basic rules of blood storage - ✔✔• Refrigerate, do not freeze standards collected in yellow
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
stoppered vacutainers. ||
• Submit to the lab as soon as possible.
|| || || || || || || ||
What are the basic rules of saliva collection and storage? - ✔✔• Collect on a sterile gauze pad or
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
swabs, allow to air dry and package in paper. Do not use plastic containers.
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
Where are seminal stains usually found and what is the proper packaging of them? - ✔✔•
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
Seminal stains are often, but not always, found on clothing, blankets, sheets. Allow any stains to
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
air dry, wrap in paper, and package evidence in paper bags. Do not use plastic bags.
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
How do you handle evidence collection in a sex offense case. - ✔✔the victim should always be
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
examined by a physician. A Sexual Assault Evidence Collection Kit is used to collect evidence
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
from the victim. It is very important that the instructions on the kit be followed with care in order
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
to gain the greatest benefit from the collected evidence.
|| || || || || || || ||
• Label all garments such as undershorts, panties, or other exhibits and package each garment
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
separately.
• If damp, allow fabric to dry completely before packaging.
|| || || || || || || || ||
• Handle fabrics as little as possible.
|| || || || || ||
,2
Hair collected at a crime scene is collected and packaged, how? - ✔✔• An examination of human
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
hair can occasionally reveal the possible race of the individual from whom it came and the part of
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
the body from which it originated.
|| || || || ||
• Human hair can be compared to determine whether or not two samples could have had a
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
common origin. The value of the Laboratory examinations of such specimens will depend upon
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
the amount of hair recovered and the characteristics found in the examinations.
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
• Recover all hair present. If possible, use the fingers or tweezers to pick up hair, place in paper
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
bindles or coin envelopes which should then be folded and sealed in larger envelopes. Label the
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
outer sealed envelope. || ||
• If hair is attached, such as in dry blood, or caught in metal or a crack of glass, do not attempt to
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
remove it but rather leave hair intact on the object. If the object is small, mark it, wrap it, and seal
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
it in an envelope. If the object is large, wrap the area containing the hair in paper to prevent loss of
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
hairs during shipment.
|| || ||
• How is hair In rape cases best collected from the suspect, victim, and crime scene? How many
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
samples do you need for comparision (head and pubic), do you cut or pluck them? - ✔✔the
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
victim's pubic region should be combed prior to collecting standards. Obtain known hair samples
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
from the victim, suspect, or any other possible sources for comparison with unknown specimens.
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
The recommended method for collecting head hairs is to start by having the person from whom
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
they are being collected bend over a large sheet of clean paper, rubbing or massaging their hands
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
through the hair so that loose hair will fall out on the paper. More should then be gathered by
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
plucking them from representative areas all over the head. A total or 50-100 hairs is desired. Do
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
not cut the hair. This same method may be used to collect hairs from other parts of the body. 30-60
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
pubic hairs are required. When the person is a suspect, hair should be gathered from all parts of
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
the body even though there may only be an interest in hair from the head at that particular time.
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
Where is fibers and threads, normally found? - ✔✔• Such evidence is often found in fabric
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
abrasions or caught in torn materials or other areas on hit-and-run vehicles. In some burglary || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
cases, it may be found caught in torn screens, broken glass, or other locations .
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
If threads or large fibers are found, they can often be picked up how? - ✔✔with the fingers and
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
placed in a paper bindle, then in a coin envelope, which can be sealed and marked. Never place
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
loose fibers directly into a mailing envelope since they can be lost from this type of envelope.
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
, 2
What do you do If the fibers are short or few in number? - ✔✔if it is possible to do so, wrap the
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
area or the entire item containing the fibers in paper and send the whole exhibit to the Laboratory.
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
Pick up fibers on tape only if ??? - ✔✔the laboratory in your jurisdiction allows it and gives you
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
its requirements. When fibers or threads are recovered, always send all clothing of persons from
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
which they might have originated to the Laboratory for comparison purposes.
|| || || || || || || || || ||
In sex offenses, assaults, and some other cases, it may be possible to indicate or demonstrate
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
contact between two individuals or between one other individual and some other object, such as a
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
car seat, by comparing - ✔✔fibers. Such examinations are only of value when it is known no
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
contact occurred between the two individuals or an individual and some other object prior to, or
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
subsequent to, the offense. Extra care must be taken to keep each article of clothing of each || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
individual or other object separated. Each garment should be-laid on a clean sheet of paper, and || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
separately rolled up in the paper after marking the exhibit. If the clothing of one subject touches
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
the clothing of another, or if it is laid down on the table of placed on the car seat contacted by the
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
clothing of the other suspect, the comparisons may be of no value. || || || || || || || || || || ||
Recovery of Evidence Samples of glass should be searched for and packaged how? - ✔✔• Shoes
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
and clothing of suspects or other objects contaminated with glass should be wrapped in paper and
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
submitted to the Laboratory for examination. || || || || ||
• All glass found at hit-and-run scenes should be recovered. The search should not be limited to
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
the point of impact, since headlight glass may be dropped off at some distance away as the car
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
leaves the crime scene. Glass from different locations should be kept in different containers. All
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
glass should be collected because more than one type may be present. In addition, if just a few
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
representative samples are saved, individual pieces that could be physically matched with glass || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
remaining in the headlight shell of the suspected vehicle may be overlooked. || || || || || || || || || || ||
Place small glass fragments in - ✔✔paper bindles, then in coin envelopes, pill boxes, or film cans
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
which can be marked and completely sealed. || || || || || ||
Place large glass fragments in - ✔✔boxes. Separate individual pieces with cotton or tissue to
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
prevent breakage and damaged edges during shipment. Seal and mark the box containing them.
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
