PNB 2265 - Exam II - Immune System II Questions and Answers Best rated A+ Guaranteed Success Latest Update

2 Types of Specific Resistance - ️️-Antibody Mediated -Cell Mediated Antibody Mediated Specific Response - ️️-Humoral -Defends against free bacteria and viruses in blood/body -B Lymphocytes secrete specific antibodies Cell Mediated Specific Response - ️️-Defends against abnormal/transformed cells -Cytotoxic T lymphocyte mediated Stages of Specific Resistance - ️️-Antigen Encounter and Recognition by Lymphocytes: Antigens binds to lymphocyte receptor and processes antigen by macrophage, dendritic or B Cell) -Lymphocyte Activation/Cloning: Occurs in lymph node -Attack: Tagging antigen (Antibody-Mediated) or lysis of targeted cell (Cell-Mediated) Immunity Types: - ️️Innate and Acquired or Adaptive Types of Acquired or Adaptive Immunity - ️️Passive or Active Properties of Immunity - ️️- Specificity: Recognition of specific antigen by specific lymphocyte - Versatility - Memory - Tolerance: Immune system has ability to ignore your own tissues (Knows they are 'normal') Types of Lymphocytes - ️️-B Lymphocytes -T Lymphocytes -Natural Killer Cells Cytotoxic T Cells - ️️Directly destroy target cells and have CD8 Helper T Cell - ️️- Secrete cytokines to activate B, T, NK Cells and macrophages - CD4 Recptors Suppressor T Cell - ️️Inhibit B cells and cytotoxic T cells Natural Killer Cells - ️️- Role in killing in some specific immune responses - Not specific themselvesLymphocyte Recepotrs - ️️Give lymphocyte ability to recognize specific antigen B Cell Receptors - ️️- Immunoglobulin attached to B cell - IgG's (Comprised of Antibodies) T Cell Receptors - ️️- 2-Chained Proteins - Cannot combine to antigen without MHC (Self) Protein - Cytotoxic has CD8 Receptors - Helper has CD4 Receptors Immunocompetence - ️️Maturation process of a lymphocyte becoming immunocompetent -- Capable of recognizing one specific antigen and initiating an immune response against that antigen. Specificity + Versatility. (Also occurs in B Cells and T Cells) Role of Genes in Immunocompetence - ️️Lymphocytes become immunocompetent before meeting antigens they may later attack. It is in our genes, not antigens, that determine what specific foreign substances our immune system will be able to recognize and resist. Antigen - ️️Any foreign molecule that can trigger a specific immune response. Antibody - ️️Specific defense protein secreted by specific B lymphocytes in process of humoral immunity. Antibody Structure - ️️Y shape with "arms" which are variable regions and "tail" called the constant region (Fc). Classes of Antibodies - ️️-IgG -IgM -IgA -IgE -IgD IgG - ️️- Typical antibody - Most abundant - Main Primary and Secondary response antibody - Can cross placenta - Activates Complement System - Take longer to appear than IgM but more effective IgM - ️️Provide most specific immunity against bacteria and viruses, appear FIRST IgA - ️️- Major antibody of colostrum and breast milk- Prevents bacteria from attaching to cell IgE - ️️Important to allergic reactions IgD - ️️Functions are unclear Histocompatibility - ️️How "self" and "non-self" recognized Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) - ️️- Signals "Self" - Group of proteins unique to the individual and present on cells surface