2
Psy 200 Exam 2 Study Guide questions with precise detailed
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answers
What is memory - ✔✔The ability of our mind to store & remember information
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What is encoding? - ✔✔Encoding is how our brain breaks down information into something we
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
can understand as well as putting it in terms we can store in our brains.
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
What is storage? - ✔✔Storage is placing newly acquired information into memory which is then
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later modified ||
What is retrieval? - ✔✔the process of getting information out of memory storage
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Explain the study by Craik & Tulving (1975) - ✔✔Researchers presented participants with a
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
series of words and asked them to make one of three types of judgements
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a) Semantic judgement - required the participants to think about the meaning of the word.
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b) Rhyme judgements - required the participants to think about the sound of the word.
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
c) Visual judgements - required the participant to think about the appearance of the word.
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
The type of judgement task had a powerful impact on their memories. The participants who made
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
semantic judgements had much better memory for the words than did participants who had
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
thought about how the word looked or sounded.
|| || || || || || || ||
**The results of this has shown that long-term retention is greatly enhanced by elaborative
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
encoding**
,2
What is visual imagery encoding? - ✔✔storing new information by converting it into mental
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
pictures
What area of the brain is active during semantic encoding? - ✔✔Frontal lobe
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What area of the brain is active during visual encoding? - ✔✔Occipital lobe
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What is organizational encoding? - ✔✔the process of categorizing information according to the
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relationships among a series of items || || || || ||
What is semantic encoding? - ✔✔the encoding of meaning, including the meaning of words
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What is the sensory memory store? - ✔✔A type of storage that holds sensory information for a
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
few seconds or less.
|| || ||
What is iconic memory? - ✔✔a momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli; a photographic or
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picture-image memory lasting no more than a few tenths of a second || || || || || || || || || || ||
What is echoic memory? - ✔✔a momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli; if attention is
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
elsewhere, sounds and words can still be recalled within 3 or 4 seconds
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
Describe the experiment by Sperling (1960) and how it showed sensory memory exists -
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
✔✔Iconic memory test: When a grid of letters is flashed on screen for only 1/20th of a second, it
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
is difficult to recall individual letters. But if prompted to remember a particular row immediately
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
after the grid is shown, research participants will do so with high accuracy.
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
Sperling used this procedure to demonstrate that although iconic memory stores the whole grid,
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
the information fades away too quickly for a person to recall everything
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How long does sensory memory last? - ✔✔1/5 to 1/2 of a second
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, 2
What is short term memory? - ✔✔a memory storage system that briefly holds a limited amount of
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information in awareness
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How long can information stay in short term memory? - ✔✔Between 15 & 30secs
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
What is rehearsal? - ✔✔the process of keeping information in short-term memory by mentally
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
repeating it ||
What is the capacity of short term memory? - ✔✔+/- 7 items
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What is chunking? - ✔✔organizing items into familiar, manageable units; often occurs
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
automatically such as a phone number || || || || ||
instead of seeing 1235557890, we'd organize it as 123-555-7890
|| || || || || || || ||
What is working memory & how does it show the active nature of this type of memory? -
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
✔✔What you're thinking of in that exact moment (short term memory)
|| || || || || || || || || ||
Your mind is constantly thinking of different things so your short term memory is constantly
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
changing with what it was focusing on.
|| || || || || ||
What is long-term memory? - ✔✔the relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
memory system ||
What is capacity? - ✔✔The amount of information that can be held in a memory store
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
What is anterograde amnesia? - ✔✔inability to form new memories
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Psy 200 Exam 2 Study Guide questions with precise detailed
|| || || || || || || || || ||
answers
What is memory - ✔✔The ability of our mind to store & remember information
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
What is encoding? - ✔✔Encoding is how our brain breaks down information into something we
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
can understand as well as putting it in terms we can store in our brains.
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
What is storage? - ✔✔Storage is placing newly acquired information into memory which is then
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
later modified ||
What is retrieval? - ✔✔the process of getting information out of memory storage
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
Explain the study by Craik & Tulving (1975) - ✔✔Researchers presented participants with a
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
series of words and asked them to make one of three types of judgements
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
a) Semantic judgement - required the participants to think about the meaning of the word.
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
b) Rhyme judgements - required the participants to think about the sound of the word.
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
c) Visual judgements - required the participant to think about the appearance of the word.
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
The type of judgement task had a powerful impact on their memories. The participants who made
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
semantic judgements had much better memory for the words than did participants who had
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
thought about how the word looked or sounded.
|| || || || || || || ||
**The results of this has shown that long-term retention is greatly enhanced by elaborative
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
encoding**
,2
What is visual imagery encoding? - ✔✔storing new information by converting it into mental
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
pictures
What area of the brain is active during semantic encoding? - ✔✔Frontal lobe
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
What area of the brain is active during visual encoding? - ✔✔Occipital lobe
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
What is organizational encoding? - ✔✔the process of categorizing information according to the
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
relationships among a series of items || || || || ||
What is semantic encoding? - ✔✔the encoding of meaning, including the meaning of words
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
What is the sensory memory store? - ✔✔A type of storage that holds sensory information for a
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
few seconds or less.
|| || ||
What is iconic memory? - ✔✔a momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli; a photographic or
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
picture-image memory lasting no more than a few tenths of a second || || || || || || || || || || ||
What is echoic memory? - ✔✔a momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli; if attention is
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
elsewhere, sounds and words can still be recalled within 3 or 4 seconds
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
Describe the experiment by Sperling (1960) and how it showed sensory memory exists -
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
✔✔Iconic memory test: When a grid of letters is flashed on screen for only 1/20th of a second, it
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
is difficult to recall individual letters. But if prompted to remember a particular row immediately
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
after the grid is shown, research participants will do so with high accuracy.
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
Sperling used this procedure to demonstrate that although iconic memory stores the whole grid,
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
the information fades away too quickly for a person to recall everything
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
How long does sensory memory last? - ✔✔1/5 to 1/2 of a second
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
, 2
What is short term memory? - ✔✔a memory storage system that briefly holds a limited amount of
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
information in awareness
|| || ||
How long can information stay in short term memory? - ✔✔Between 15 & 30secs
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
What is rehearsal? - ✔✔the process of keeping information in short-term memory by mentally
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
repeating it ||
What is the capacity of short term memory? - ✔✔+/- 7 items
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
What is chunking? - ✔✔organizing items into familiar, manageable units; often occurs
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
automatically such as a phone number || || || || ||
instead of seeing 1235557890, we'd organize it as 123-555-7890
|| || || || || || || ||
What is working memory & how does it show the active nature of this type of memory? -
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
✔✔What you're thinking of in that exact moment (short term memory)
|| || || || || || || || || ||
Your mind is constantly thinking of different things so your short term memory is constantly
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
changing with what it was focusing on.
|| || || || || ||
What is long-term memory? - ✔✔the relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
memory system ||
What is capacity? - ✔✔The amount of information that can be held in a memory store
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
What is anterograde amnesia? - ✔✔inability to form new memories
|| || || || || || || || ||
