OA Adult Health Exam Study
Guide – Practice Questions
with Answers. GRADED A+.
Latest 2026/2027 Update.
What are the types of ocular injuries?
Chemical Burns, Trauma, Foreign Body, Thermal Burns
What are the types of chemical burns in ocular injuries?
Acid and Alkaline
What types of trauma can cause ocular injuries?
Blunt and Penetrating
What materials can be considered foreign bodies in ocular injuries?
Ceramics, Metal, Wood, Glass, Plastic
What are the assessment findings for ocular injuries?
Abnormal or Decreased Vision, Abnormal IOP, Absent Eye Movements, Blood in
anterior chamber, Fluid drainage, Pain, Photophobia, Prolapsed Globe, Diffused
or Localized Redness, Swelling, Tearing, Visible Field Defect
What is the initial intervention for ocular injuries?
,Determine Mechanism of Injury, Ensure ABCs, Assess for other injury, Assess
for chemical exposure
What should be done immediately for chemical exposure in ocular injuries?
Begin irrigation immediately with sterile saline or water
What should you not do while managing an ocular injury?
Do not put pressure on the eye, Do not give food or fluids
What position should the head of the bed be in for a patient with an ocular
injury?
Elevate HOB 45°
What ongoing monitoring should be done for a patient with an ocular injury?
Reassure patient, Monitor Pain, Anticipate surgical repair
What should you tell a patient with an ocular injury regarding coughing?
DO NOT ENCOURAGE COUGHING
What can be offered to a patient with an ocular injury to reduce strain?
Offer stool softeners
What is glaucoma?
A group of disorders characterized by increased intraocular pressure (IOP) and
its consequences.
What are the consequences of glaucoma?
Optic nerve atrophy and peripheral visual field loss.
What is Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma (POAG)?
The most common type of glaucoma caused by aqueous humor
overproduction or decreased outflow, leading to increased IOP.
What are the signs and symptoms of Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma (POAG)?
Gradual and unnoticed loss of peripheral vision, mild aching in eyes, and
headaches.
,What is Closed-Angle Glaucoma (ACG)?
A less common type of glaucoma caused by forward displacement of the iris,
blocking aqueous humor outflow and leading to rapid increase of IOP.
What are the signs and symptoms of Closed-Angle Glaucoma (ACG)?
Severe eye pain, nausea, vomiting, blurred vision, halos around lights, and
reddened sclera.
How is glaucoma diagnosed?
Using tonometry to measure IOP; normal range is 10-20 mmHg, with >21
mmHg indicative of glaucoma.
What is the treatment for Closed-Angle Glaucoma (ACG)?
Mannitol, an osmotic diuretic that rapidly decreases IOP.
What is the treatment for Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma (POAG)?
Eye drops such as Timolol, Acetazolamide, Brimonidine, and Travoprost.
What are the risk factors for glaucoma?
Aging, genetics, diabetes, and hypertension.
What is a cataract?
A lens opacity that impairs vision.
What happens to proteins in the lens during cataract formation?
They deteriorate and clump, causing the lens to thicken and harden, creating
an opacity.
What is a major risk factor for developing cataracts?
Aging.
Name a systemic disease that is a risk factor for cataracts.
Diabetes.
What is a common sign of cataracts?
Gradual, painless loss of vision.
, What color does the pupil become as cataracts advance?
White or gray.
What is an important finding during the examination of cataracts?
Absent red reflex.
What is a common diagnostic test for cataracts?
Visual acuity test.
What is the primary treatment for cataracts?
Surgical removal.
What should patients avoid doing post-operatively to prevent complications?
Encouraging coughing.
What type of medication should be offered to patients post-operatively to
reduce strain?
Stool softeners.
What type of eye drops will patients need to use after cataract surgery?
Antibiotic, steroid, and NSAIDs.
How long does it typically take for vision to improve after cataract surgery?
4 to 6 weeks.
What should patients wear outside after cataract surgery?
Dark sunglasses.
What activities should be avoided after cataract surgery to prevent increased
intraocular pressure?
Bending at the waist, sneezing, coughing, blowing the nose.
What weight limit should patients avoid lifting after cataract surgery?
10 lbs.
What is an important aspect of post-operative care for cataract patients?
Reinforce the importance of eyedrop timing.
Guide – Practice Questions
with Answers. GRADED A+.
Latest 2026/2027 Update.
What are the types of ocular injuries?
Chemical Burns, Trauma, Foreign Body, Thermal Burns
What are the types of chemical burns in ocular injuries?
Acid and Alkaline
What types of trauma can cause ocular injuries?
Blunt and Penetrating
What materials can be considered foreign bodies in ocular injuries?
Ceramics, Metal, Wood, Glass, Plastic
What are the assessment findings for ocular injuries?
Abnormal or Decreased Vision, Abnormal IOP, Absent Eye Movements, Blood in
anterior chamber, Fluid drainage, Pain, Photophobia, Prolapsed Globe, Diffused
or Localized Redness, Swelling, Tearing, Visible Field Defect
What is the initial intervention for ocular injuries?
,Determine Mechanism of Injury, Ensure ABCs, Assess for other injury, Assess
for chemical exposure
What should be done immediately for chemical exposure in ocular injuries?
Begin irrigation immediately with sterile saline or water
What should you not do while managing an ocular injury?
Do not put pressure on the eye, Do not give food or fluids
What position should the head of the bed be in for a patient with an ocular
injury?
Elevate HOB 45°
What ongoing monitoring should be done for a patient with an ocular injury?
Reassure patient, Monitor Pain, Anticipate surgical repair
What should you tell a patient with an ocular injury regarding coughing?
DO NOT ENCOURAGE COUGHING
What can be offered to a patient with an ocular injury to reduce strain?
Offer stool softeners
What is glaucoma?
A group of disorders characterized by increased intraocular pressure (IOP) and
its consequences.
What are the consequences of glaucoma?
Optic nerve atrophy and peripheral visual field loss.
What is Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma (POAG)?
The most common type of glaucoma caused by aqueous humor
overproduction or decreased outflow, leading to increased IOP.
What are the signs and symptoms of Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma (POAG)?
Gradual and unnoticed loss of peripheral vision, mild aching in eyes, and
headaches.
,What is Closed-Angle Glaucoma (ACG)?
A less common type of glaucoma caused by forward displacement of the iris,
blocking aqueous humor outflow and leading to rapid increase of IOP.
What are the signs and symptoms of Closed-Angle Glaucoma (ACG)?
Severe eye pain, nausea, vomiting, blurred vision, halos around lights, and
reddened sclera.
How is glaucoma diagnosed?
Using tonometry to measure IOP; normal range is 10-20 mmHg, with >21
mmHg indicative of glaucoma.
What is the treatment for Closed-Angle Glaucoma (ACG)?
Mannitol, an osmotic diuretic that rapidly decreases IOP.
What is the treatment for Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma (POAG)?
Eye drops such as Timolol, Acetazolamide, Brimonidine, and Travoprost.
What are the risk factors for glaucoma?
Aging, genetics, diabetes, and hypertension.
What is a cataract?
A lens opacity that impairs vision.
What happens to proteins in the lens during cataract formation?
They deteriorate and clump, causing the lens to thicken and harden, creating
an opacity.
What is a major risk factor for developing cataracts?
Aging.
Name a systemic disease that is a risk factor for cataracts.
Diabetes.
What is a common sign of cataracts?
Gradual, painless loss of vision.
, What color does the pupil become as cataracts advance?
White or gray.
What is an important finding during the examination of cataracts?
Absent red reflex.
What is a common diagnostic test for cataracts?
Visual acuity test.
What is the primary treatment for cataracts?
Surgical removal.
What should patients avoid doing post-operatively to prevent complications?
Encouraging coughing.
What type of medication should be offered to patients post-operatively to
reduce strain?
Stool softeners.
What type of eye drops will patients need to use after cataract surgery?
Antibiotic, steroid, and NSAIDs.
How long does it typically take for vision to improve after cataract surgery?
4 to 6 weeks.
What should patients wear outside after cataract surgery?
Dark sunglasses.
What activities should be avoided after cataract surgery to prevent increased
intraocular pressure?
Bending at the waist, sneezing, coughing, blowing the nose.
What weight limit should patients avoid lifting after cataract surgery?
10 lbs.
What is an important aspect of post-operative care for cataract patients?
Reinforce the importance of eyedrop timing.
