PNB 2265 EXAM 3 QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS
how-many-liters-per-day-does-the-kidney-filter---ans---180
what-percent-of-the-filtered-fluid-by-kidneys-is-excreted-in-urine---ans---1%
functions-of-the-kidneys---ans---excrete-wastes,-regulate-water-and-salt-balance,-and-
secrete-hormones
osmotic-gradient-in-the-nephron---ans---300-(cortex)-to-1200-(inner-medulla)
site-of-filtrate---ans---renal-corpuscle
site-of-reabsorption-of-70%-water,-nutrients,-and-ions---ans---proximal-convoluted-tubule
impermeable-to-salt---ans---descending-loop-of-Henle
impermeable-to-water---ans---ascending-loop-of-Henle
urine-reabsorption-may-occur-here---ans---papillary-collecitng-duct
flow-of-blood-supply-in-the-nephron---ans---renal-artery,-afferent-arteriole,-glomerulus,-
efferent-arteriole,-peritubular-capillaries,-to-renal-vein
what-type-makes-up-85%-of-nephrons---ans---cortical
unique-characteristics-to-juxtamedullary-nephron---ans---creates-OSMOTIC-gradient-and-
has-longer-loops-of-Henle
type-of-capillaries-in-the-glomerulus---ans---fenestrated
unique-to-Bowmans-capsule---ans---podocytes
where-the-afferent-arteriole-connects-to-the-distal-convoluted-tubule---ans---
juxtaglomerular-apparatus
, where-can-you-find-macula-densa-and-what-do-they-do---ans---distal-convoluted-tubule-
and-they-have-osmoreceptors-to-initiate-tubuloglomerular-feedback-mechanism-(aka-
dilate-afferent-arteriole)
what-do-cells-in-the-afferent-arteriole-secrete---ans---renin
definition-of-filtration---ans---bulk-flow-of-PROTEIN-FREE-plasma-from-the-glomerulus-
into-the-nephron
where-can-you-find-the-renal-corpuscle-and-the-convoluted-tubules---ans---cortex-of-the-
nephron
detrusor-muscle-of-the-urinary-bladder---ans---smooth-muscle-under-parasympathetic-
control-that-is-inhibited-during-filling-and-stimulated-during-the-micturition-reflex
histology-of-bladder---ans---transitional-epithelium
micturition-reflex---ans---reflex-mediated-by-parasympathetic,-voluntary-control-through-
descending-input-from-higher-centers
stretch-receptors-on-the-bladder---ans---sensed-by-pelvic-nerve-that-causes-the-destrusor-
to-contract-and-the-sphincters-to-relax
main-site-of-K+-secretion---ans---distal-convoluted-tubule
amount-excreted-=---ans---filtered-+-secreted---reabsorbed
what-governs-filtration---ans---bulk-flow-by-blood-pressure-(hydrostatic)
favors-filtration---ans---glomerular-capillary-blood-pressure
usually-has-no-affect-on-filtration-but-can-oppose---ans---blood-pressure-in-Bowman's-
capsule
opposes-filtration---ans---blood-colloid-osmotic-pressure-due-to-protein
normal-GFR---ans---7.5-lit/hour
what-keeps-GFR-at-7.5-lit/hour---ans---local-control-by-renal-autoregulation-(constrict/
dilate-arterioles-by-myogenic-mechanism)
constrict-afferent-arteriole-=---ans---decrease-in-GFR
dilate-afferent-arteriole-=---ans---increase-in-GFR
ANSWERS
how-many-liters-per-day-does-the-kidney-filter---ans---180
what-percent-of-the-filtered-fluid-by-kidneys-is-excreted-in-urine---ans---1%
functions-of-the-kidneys---ans---excrete-wastes,-regulate-water-and-salt-balance,-and-
secrete-hormones
osmotic-gradient-in-the-nephron---ans---300-(cortex)-to-1200-(inner-medulla)
site-of-filtrate---ans---renal-corpuscle
site-of-reabsorption-of-70%-water,-nutrients,-and-ions---ans---proximal-convoluted-tubule
impermeable-to-salt---ans---descending-loop-of-Henle
impermeable-to-water---ans---ascending-loop-of-Henle
urine-reabsorption-may-occur-here---ans---papillary-collecitng-duct
flow-of-blood-supply-in-the-nephron---ans---renal-artery,-afferent-arteriole,-glomerulus,-
efferent-arteriole,-peritubular-capillaries,-to-renal-vein
what-type-makes-up-85%-of-nephrons---ans---cortical
unique-characteristics-to-juxtamedullary-nephron---ans---creates-OSMOTIC-gradient-and-
has-longer-loops-of-Henle
type-of-capillaries-in-the-glomerulus---ans---fenestrated
unique-to-Bowmans-capsule---ans---podocytes
where-the-afferent-arteriole-connects-to-the-distal-convoluted-tubule---ans---
juxtaglomerular-apparatus
, where-can-you-find-macula-densa-and-what-do-they-do---ans---distal-convoluted-tubule-
and-they-have-osmoreceptors-to-initiate-tubuloglomerular-feedback-mechanism-(aka-
dilate-afferent-arteriole)
what-do-cells-in-the-afferent-arteriole-secrete---ans---renin
definition-of-filtration---ans---bulk-flow-of-PROTEIN-FREE-plasma-from-the-glomerulus-
into-the-nephron
where-can-you-find-the-renal-corpuscle-and-the-convoluted-tubules---ans---cortex-of-the-
nephron
detrusor-muscle-of-the-urinary-bladder---ans---smooth-muscle-under-parasympathetic-
control-that-is-inhibited-during-filling-and-stimulated-during-the-micturition-reflex
histology-of-bladder---ans---transitional-epithelium
micturition-reflex---ans---reflex-mediated-by-parasympathetic,-voluntary-control-through-
descending-input-from-higher-centers
stretch-receptors-on-the-bladder---ans---sensed-by-pelvic-nerve-that-causes-the-destrusor-
to-contract-and-the-sphincters-to-relax
main-site-of-K+-secretion---ans---distal-convoluted-tubule
amount-excreted-=---ans---filtered-+-secreted---reabsorbed
what-governs-filtration---ans---bulk-flow-by-blood-pressure-(hydrostatic)
favors-filtration---ans---glomerular-capillary-blood-pressure
usually-has-no-affect-on-filtration-but-can-oppose---ans---blood-pressure-in-Bowman's-
capsule
opposes-filtration---ans---blood-colloid-osmotic-pressure-due-to-protein
normal-GFR---ans---7.5-lit/hour
what-keeps-GFR-at-7.5-lit/hour---ans---local-control-by-renal-autoregulation-(constrict/
dilate-arterioles-by-myogenic-mechanism)
constrict-afferent-arteriole-=---ans---decrease-in-GFR
dilate-afferent-arteriole-=---ans---increase-in-GFR
