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Effective communication
The process of sending a message in such a way that the message received is as
close in meaning as possible to the message intended
Interpersonal communication roles
figurehead, leader, liaison
Informational communication roles
spokesperson, monitor, disseminator
Decisional Communication Roles
entrepreneur, disturbance handler, negotiator
Wheel Communication
spokes with leader in the middle
Y communication
Where people report up to a superior, who in turn has a dual reporting
relationship to two separate superiors
,Circle communication network
Circle
Chain Communication
starts at the top of the organization and then flows down to the bottom
All Channel Communication
provides member satisfaction
Nonverbal communication
Any communication exchange that does not use words or uses words to carry
more meaning than the strict definition of the words themselves
Individual Barriers to Effective Communication
conflicting or inconsistent signals, credibility about the subject, reluctance to
communicate, poor listening skills, predispositions about the subject
Organizational barriers to effective communication
- Semantics
- Status or power differences
- Different perceptions
- Noise
- Overload
- Language differences
,Individual skills for overcoming communication barriers
Develop good listening skills, encourage 2 way communication, be aware of
language and meaning, maintain credibility, be sensitive to other's
perspectives
Organizational skills for overcoming communication barriers
Follow up, regulate information flows, understand richness of media
Key principles of effective communication
1. Maintain or enhance self-esteem
2. Listen & respond with empathy
3. Ask for help & encourage involvement
4. Share thoughts, feelings & rationale
5. Provide support without removing responsibility
Organizing
Deciding how best to group organizational activities and resources
Organization structure
the set of building blocks that can be used to configure an organization
Job design
The determination of an individual's work related responsibilities
, Job Specialization (Division of Labor)
the degree to which the overall task of the organization is broken down and
divided into smaller component parts
Benefits of Job Specialization
-workers can become proficient at a task
-transfer time between tasks is decreased
-specialized equipment can be more easily developed
-employee replacement becomes easier
Limitations of Job Specialization
-boredom and dissatisfaction with mundane tasks
-anticipated benefits do not always occur
Job rotation
systematically moving workers from one job to another
Job enlargement
An increase in the total number of tasks workers perform
job enrichment
increasing the number of tasks in a particular job and giving workers the
authority and control to make meaningful decisions about their work