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What is the VSEPR theory used for?
Predicting the 3D molecular geometry of a molecule based on the repulsion
between electron pairs surrounding a central atom.
How do you convert between moles and particles (atoms/molecules)?
Use Avogadro's number: 1 mole = 6.022 x 10^23 particles.
What is the definition of a limiting reactant?
The reactant that is completely consumed in a chemical reaction, thereby
limiting the amount of product that can be formed.
How do you calculate percent yield?
Percent Yield = (Actual Yield / Theoretical Yield) x 100%.
,What occurs in a redox reaction?
The transfer of electrons between species; one substance is oxidized (loses
electrons) and another is reduced (gains electrons).
What is the difference between a physical and chemical change?
A physical change alters the form or state of matter without changing its
chemical identity; a chemical change results in the formation of new
substances.
How do you identify a direct relationship on a graph?
A direct relationship shows a straight line passing through the origin (y = kx).
What is the base SI unit for mass?
The kilogram (kg).
How many valence electrons does an element in Group 17 have?
7 valence electrons.
What is the formula for calculating percent composition?
(Mass of element in formula / Molar mass of compound) x 100%.
What is the purpose of balancing a chemical equation?
To satisfy the Law of Conservation of Mass, ensuring the number of atoms of
each element is the same on both sides of the reaction.
, What is the volume of one mole of any gas at STP?
22.4 liters.
How do you identify an oxidizing agent?
The oxidizing agent is the substance that gets reduced (gains electrons).
What is the trend for atomic radius on the periodic table?
Atomic radius decreases from left to right across a period and increases down a
group.
How do you determine the charge of an ion for a main-group element?
Use the group number: metals lose electrons to form positive cations, non-metals
gain electrons to form negative anions.
What are the hallmarks of a chemical change?
Color change, gas production (bubbles), formation of a precipitate, or significant
energy change (heat/light).
What is the difference between a solute and a solvent?
The solute is the substance being dissolved, while the solvent is the medium in
which the solute dissolves.
What is the general rule for determining solubility based on polarity?
Like dissolves like: polar solvents dissolve polar solutes, and nonpolar solvents
dissolve nonpolar solutes.