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Views on Globalization - ANSWERS-New, Evolutionary, and Pendulum
"New" view on globalization - ANSWERS-A force sweeping through the world in recent
times.
"Evolutionary" view on globalization - ANSWERS-A long-run historical evolution since
the dawn of human history
"Pendulum" view on globalization - ANSWERS-One that swings from one extreme to
another from time to time
Strategic trade - ANSWERS-Intervention by governments in certain industries can
enhance their odds for international success.
How are supply and demand related to the exchange rate of a country? - ANSWERS-
The price of a commodity, a country's currency, is fundamentally determined by this.
Strong demand leads to price hikes; oversupply results in price drops.
Which theory came first? - ANSWERS-Mercantilism (although both are of the idea that
governments should actively protect domestic industries from imports and vigorously
promote exports)
,If a company seeks to limit foreign exchange rate exposure in the forward direction,
what is the most effective way to do this? - ANSWERS-Forward transactions, an act
know as currency hedging.
Transaction risk - ANSWERS-The exchange rate risk associated with the time delay
between entering into a contract and settling it.
Hedging - ANSWERS-A transaction, such as forward transactions, that protects traders
and investors from exposure to the fluctuations of the spot rate.
Currency hedging - ANSWERS-A way to protect traders and investors from being
exposed to the fluctuations of the spot rate
Strategic hedging - ANSWERS-A means of spreading out activities in different currency
zones in order to offset the currency losses in certain regions through gains in other
regions (currency diversification)
First mover advantages - ANSWERS-Proprietary, technological leadership, pre-emption
of scarce resources, establishment of entry barriers to late entrants, avoidance of clash
with dominant firms at home, relationships with key stakeholders, (such as
governments.)
Late mover advantages - ANSWERS-Opportunity to free ride on first-mover
investments, Resolution of technological and market uncertainty, First mover's difficulty
to adapt to market changes.)
Foreign market entries types - ANSWERS-Non-equity and equity
Non-equity - ANSWERS-Reflects relatively smaller commitments to overseas markets.
Determines firms MNE status.
, Equity - ANSWERS-indicative of relatively larger, harder-to-reverse commitments.
Determines firms MNE status.
How do institutions reduce uncertainty? - ANSWERS-Establish "rules of the game" that
economic players play by. A standard to follow in order to survive and prosper. By
signaling which conduct is legitimate and which is not, institutions constrain the range of
acceptable actions.
Regulatory pillar - ANSWERS-The coercive power of governments (laws, regs, rules)
Normative pillar - ANSWERS-Values, beliefs, and actions of other relevant players
(norms, cultures, ethics)
Cognitive pillar - ANSWERS-The internalized, taken-for-granted values and beliefs that
guide behavior. (beliefs between right/wrong)
Formal institution - ANSWERS-One that include laws, regulations and rules
Informal institution - ANSWERS-One that includes norms, cultures and ethics
What core propositions lie at the root of the institution based view on global business? -
ANSWERS-(1) managers and firms rationally pursue their interests and make choices
within institutional constraints (bounded rationality)
(2) in situations where formal constraints are unclear or fail, informal constraints play a
larger role in reducing uncertainty and providing constancy to managers and firms
(personal relationships and connections)
The institution based view global business is grounded upon - ANSWERS-The dynamic
interaction between institutions and firms, and considers firm behaviors as the outcome
of such an interaction.