Med surg Neuro Questions and
Correct Answers| Latest Update
The nurse is caring for a group of patients on a medical unit. After receiving report,
which patient should the nurse see first?
A. A 42-year-old patient with multiple sclerosis who was admitted with sepsis
B. A 72-year-old patient with Parkinson's disease who has aspiration pneumonia
C. A 38-year-old patient with myasthenia gravis who declined prescribed
medications
D. A 45-year-old patient with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis who refuses enteral
feedings
C. A 38-year-old patient with myasthenia gravis who declined prescribed
medications
Patients with myasthenia gravis who discontinue pyridostigmine (Mestinon) will
develop a myasthenic crisis. Myasthenia crisis results in severe muscle weakness
and can lead to a respiratory arrest.
The nurse observes a 74-year-old man with Parkinson's disease rocking side to
side while sitting in the chair. Which action by the nurse is most appropriate?
A. Provide the patient with diversional activities.
B. Document the activity in the patient's health record.
,C. Take the patient's blood pressure sitting and standing.
D. Ask if the patient is feeling either anxious or depressed.
B. Document the activity in the patient's health record.
Patients with Parkinson's disease are instructed to rock from side to side to
stimulate balance mechanisms and decrease akinesia.
The nurse provides dietary instructions to the in-home caregiver of a 45-year-old
man who has Huntington's disease. The nurse is most concerned if the caregiver
makes which statement?
A. "Depression is common and may cause a decrease in appetite."
B. "If swallowing becomes difficult, a feeding tube may be needed."
C. "Calories should be restricted to prevent unnecessary weight gain."
D. "Muscles in the face are affected, and chewing may become impossible."
C. "Calories should be restricted to prevent unnecessary weight gain."
Patients with Huntington's disease may require 4000 to 5000 calories per day to
maintain body weight. Weight loss occurs in patients with Huntington's disease
because of choreic movements, difficulty swallowing, depression, and mental
deterioration.
Which measure should the nurse prioritize when providing care for a patient with
a diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (MS)?
,A. Vigilant infection control and adherence to standard precautions
B. Careful monitoring of neurologic assessment and frequent reorientation
C. Maintenance of a calorie count and hourly assessment of intake and output
D. Assessment of blood pressure and monitoring for signs of orthostatic
hypotension
A. Vigilant infection control and adherence to standard precautions
Infection control is a priority in the care of patients with MS, since infection is the
most common cause of an exacerbation of the disease. Decreases in cognitive
function are less likely, and MS does not typically result in malnutrition,
hypotension, or fluid volume excess or deficit.
A male patient with a diagnosis of Parkinson's disease (PD) has been admitted
recently to a long-term care facility. Which action should the health care team
take in order to promote adequate nutrition for this patient?
A. Provide multivitamins with each meal.
B. Provide a diet that is low in complex carbohydrates and high in protein.
C. Provide small, frequent meals throughout the day that are easy to chew and
swallow.
D. Provide the patient with a minced or pureed diet that is high in potassium and
low in sodium.
C. Provide small, frequent meals throughout the day that are easy to chew and
swallow.
, Nutritional support is a priority in the care of individuals with PD. Such patients
may benefit from meals that are smaller and more frequent than normal and that
are easy to chew and swallow.
Which nursing diagnosis is likely to be a priority in the care of a patient with
myasthenia gravis (MG)?
A. Acute confusion
B. Bowel incontinence
C. Activity intolerance
D. Disturbed sleep pattern
C. Activity intolerance
The primary feature of MG is fluctuating weakness of skeletal muscle. Bowel
incontinence and confusion are unlikely signs of MG, and although sleep
disturbance is likely, activity intolerance is usually of primary concern.
When establishing a diagnosis of MS, the nurse should teach the patient about
what diagnostic studies (select all that apply)?
A. EEG
B. CT scan
Correct Answers| Latest Update
The nurse is caring for a group of patients on a medical unit. After receiving report,
which patient should the nurse see first?
A. A 42-year-old patient with multiple sclerosis who was admitted with sepsis
B. A 72-year-old patient with Parkinson's disease who has aspiration pneumonia
C. A 38-year-old patient with myasthenia gravis who declined prescribed
medications
D. A 45-year-old patient with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis who refuses enteral
feedings
C. A 38-year-old patient with myasthenia gravis who declined prescribed
medications
Patients with myasthenia gravis who discontinue pyridostigmine (Mestinon) will
develop a myasthenic crisis. Myasthenia crisis results in severe muscle weakness
and can lead to a respiratory arrest.
The nurse observes a 74-year-old man with Parkinson's disease rocking side to
side while sitting in the chair. Which action by the nurse is most appropriate?
A. Provide the patient with diversional activities.
B. Document the activity in the patient's health record.
,C. Take the patient's blood pressure sitting and standing.
D. Ask if the patient is feeling either anxious or depressed.
B. Document the activity in the patient's health record.
Patients with Parkinson's disease are instructed to rock from side to side to
stimulate balance mechanisms and decrease akinesia.
The nurse provides dietary instructions to the in-home caregiver of a 45-year-old
man who has Huntington's disease. The nurse is most concerned if the caregiver
makes which statement?
A. "Depression is common and may cause a decrease in appetite."
B. "If swallowing becomes difficult, a feeding tube may be needed."
C. "Calories should be restricted to prevent unnecessary weight gain."
D. "Muscles in the face are affected, and chewing may become impossible."
C. "Calories should be restricted to prevent unnecessary weight gain."
Patients with Huntington's disease may require 4000 to 5000 calories per day to
maintain body weight. Weight loss occurs in patients with Huntington's disease
because of choreic movements, difficulty swallowing, depression, and mental
deterioration.
Which measure should the nurse prioritize when providing care for a patient with
a diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (MS)?
,A. Vigilant infection control and adherence to standard precautions
B. Careful monitoring of neurologic assessment and frequent reorientation
C. Maintenance of a calorie count and hourly assessment of intake and output
D. Assessment of blood pressure and monitoring for signs of orthostatic
hypotension
A. Vigilant infection control and adherence to standard precautions
Infection control is a priority in the care of patients with MS, since infection is the
most common cause of an exacerbation of the disease. Decreases in cognitive
function are less likely, and MS does not typically result in malnutrition,
hypotension, or fluid volume excess or deficit.
A male patient with a diagnosis of Parkinson's disease (PD) has been admitted
recently to a long-term care facility. Which action should the health care team
take in order to promote adequate nutrition for this patient?
A. Provide multivitamins with each meal.
B. Provide a diet that is low in complex carbohydrates and high in protein.
C. Provide small, frequent meals throughout the day that are easy to chew and
swallow.
D. Provide the patient with a minced or pureed diet that is high in potassium and
low in sodium.
C. Provide small, frequent meals throughout the day that are easy to chew and
swallow.
, Nutritional support is a priority in the care of individuals with PD. Such patients
may benefit from meals that are smaller and more frequent than normal and that
are easy to chew and swallow.
Which nursing diagnosis is likely to be a priority in the care of a patient with
myasthenia gravis (MG)?
A. Acute confusion
B. Bowel incontinence
C. Activity intolerance
D. Disturbed sleep pattern
C. Activity intolerance
The primary feature of MG is fluctuating weakness of skeletal muscle. Bowel
incontinence and confusion are unlikely signs of MG, and although sleep
disturbance is likely, activity intolerance is usually of primary concern.
When establishing a diagnosis of MS, the nurse should teach the patient about
what diagnostic studies (select all that apply)?
A. EEG
B. CT scan
