TAMU BIOL 320 Test 2 FINAL EXAM
PREP 2026/2027 COMPLETE
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CORRECT ANSWERS | 100%
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Achieve your academic goals with the FINAL EXAM PREP 2026/2027 study guide—your
ultimate tool for success. Packed with complete questions and verified correct answers, this
resource ensures you are thoroughly prepared for your upcoming exams. Whether you're looking
to ace individual subjects or prepare for multiple tests, this guide covers all the essential topics,
aligned with the latest exam formats and trends.
What makes this guide stand out? It offers a 100% guaranteed pass—we are confident that
following this study guide will lead to success, making it an invaluable investment for your
academic future. With newest version content, you’ll have access to the most up-to-date exam
questions, ensuring you’re studying the latest material. No more second-guessing or stress about
what to focus on—this guide has everything you need, from question breakdowns to verified
answers.
Why struggle with outdated or incomplete study materials when you can have the ultimate exam
prep resource right at your fingertips? Don’t leave your grades to chance. Buy now and
guarantee yourself a top score on your 2026/2027 exams!
In which specific structure is blood pressure highest?
The aorta
Blood ____________ (leaving/entering) the heart is at its highest pressure.
Leaving
What are the three layers of a blood vessel from most deep to most superficial?
- Tunica intima
- Tunica media
- Tunica externa
What type of tissue is tunica intima comprised of?
Endothelial tissue
What type of cells is tunica media comprised of?
,Smooth muscle tissue
What type of cells is tunica externa comprised of?
Collagen fibers
Which tunic is significantly smaller in a vein when compared to and artery?
Tunica media
What are the two layers of a capillary?
Basement membrane and endothelial cells
What are the three types of arteries?
- Elastic
- Muscular
- Arteriole
What are the two types of veins?
Venule and veins
What are the functions of tunica externa?
- Anchoring
- Protection
- House vaso vasorum
Define: Vaso vasorum
Network of blood vessels that feel the blood vessels of the body; micro circulatory
system
What structure about veins prevents backflow?
Valves
What are the major functions of elastic arteries?
- Reduce shock
- EVEN OUT FLOW
T/F: Elastic and muscular arteries vasoconstrict while arterioles cannot
vasoconstrict.
False: Muscular arteries and arterioles CAN vasoconstrict while elastic arteries
CANNOT vasoconstrict
What is the major function of muscular arteries?
Limit flow of blood to less important/nonessential tissues
What is the function of arterioles?
To connect arteries to capillaries
How thick are capillary walls?
1 cell thick
Define: Thoroughfare (wrt capillaries)
Structures that allow blood to pass through closed capillary beds unhindered
What are the functions of pericytes?
Stabilize the walls of capillary beds
What are the functions of precapillary sphincters?
To constrict and dilate to open and close capillary beds as needed
In what tissues can you find continuous capillary walls?
Skin, muscle, and brain
What sort of permeability do continuous capillary walls have?
Very restricted: Only allow for select solutes and chemicals to move
What are the two subcategories of fenestrated capillaries?
,With and without a diaphragm
In what tissues are fenestrated capillaries found?
Intestine, kidneys, and endocrine glands
Fenestrated capillaries allow for ____________ (a lot/very little) solute movement.
A lot
In what tissues are sinusoidal capillaries found?
Tissues that are involved with blood: Liver, marrow, spleen
Define: Fenestra
Gaps within capillary walls that allow for the movement of solutes and blood cells
List the capillary types in order from least to most leaky (include both types of
fenestrated capillaries).
- Continuous
- Fenstrated w/ diaphragm
- Fenestrated w/out diaphragm
- Sinusoidal
What causes hemorrhoids and varicose veins?
Ruptured vein valves
What % of blood exists in veins and venules?
60%
What % of blood exists in arteries and arterioles?
15%
What % of blood can be found in pulmonary blood vessels?
12%
What % of blood is found in the heart?
8%
Define: Blood flow
Volume of blood passing through a Defined area at a given time
Define: Blood pressure
The amount of force exerted on a vessel wall
Define: Resistance
Opposition to flow
What are the factors that play into resistance?
- Viscosity
- Length of the vessel
- Vessel diameter
________ (longer/shorter) vessels INCREASE viscosity.
Longer
Define: Laminar flow
Relatively uniform flow of a liquid through a vessel
________ flow is responsible for the sounds of the heart.
Turbulent
Blood flow is measured in ______.
mL/min
Define: Cardiac output
Amount of blood flow through the cardiovascular system
Describe Poiseulle's Law wrt the CVS.
, Blood flow is INVERSELY proportional to viscosity and DIRECTLY proportional to a
change in pressure
What body structure acts as the pump for venous blood?
Skeletal muscle
Hydrostatic pressure due to gravity _________ BP above the heart and _________
BP below the heart.
Decreases; increases
Where in the body is there the greatest change b/t systolic and diastolic
pressure?
In the arterioles
Where in the body is the largest drop in BP?
Between capillaries and arterioles (caused by branching)
What is the fluid shift mechanism?
Fluid from capillaries to interstitial space; decreases BP
Describe the stress-relaxation response.
stress hormones in the blood are reduced during relaxation. This causes a lower BP
What is the point of regulating BP?
- Maintain blood flow through capillary beds
- Divert blood as needed
- Combat gravity
What are the three factors to BP regulation?
- Cardiac output
- Peripheral resistance
- Blood volume
What effect does exercise have on cardiac output?
Increases cardiac output
A(n) __________ in EDV and _________ is ESV leads to an increase in cardiac
output.
Increase; decrease
Additional epinephrine in the blood leads to a(n) ________ in cardiac output.
Increase
Under normal circumstances, HR is regulated by _________.
Parasympathetic control; Cardiac Inhibitory Centers
Under normal circumstances, SV is regulated by _________.
Venous return; End diastolic volume
Under stress circumstances, HR is regulated by __________.
Sympathetic nervous system; Cardiac acceleratory centers
Under stress circumstances, SV is regulated by __________.
- Epinephrine/neural regulation
- Venous return
The vasomotor center is a collection of _________ neurons in the _________.
Sympathetic; medulla
The vasomotor center regulates __________.
Blood vessel diameter
T/F: The vasomotor center is always active.
True
PREP 2026/2027 COMPLETE
QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED
CORRECT ANSWERS | 100%
GUARANTEED PASS
Keywords:
Final Exam Prep, Verified Answers, Complete Questions, 100% Guaranteed Pass, 2026/2027
Exams, Exam Success, Study Guide, Exam Preparation, Latest Exam Questions, Guaranteed
Pass, Newest Version, Study Materials, Exam Review, Academic Success, Exam Strategy.
Description:
Achieve your academic goals with the FINAL EXAM PREP 2026/2027 study guide—your
ultimate tool for success. Packed with complete questions and verified correct answers, this
resource ensures you are thoroughly prepared for your upcoming exams. Whether you're looking
to ace individual subjects or prepare for multiple tests, this guide covers all the essential topics,
aligned with the latest exam formats and trends.
What makes this guide stand out? It offers a 100% guaranteed pass—we are confident that
following this study guide will lead to success, making it an invaluable investment for your
academic future. With newest version content, you’ll have access to the most up-to-date exam
questions, ensuring you’re studying the latest material. No more second-guessing or stress about
what to focus on—this guide has everything you need, from question breakdowns to verified
answers.
Why struggle with outdated or incomplete study materials when you can have the ultimate exam
prep resource right at your fingertips? Don’t leave your grades to chance. Buy now and
guarantee yourself a top score on your 2026/2027 exams!
In which specific structure is blood pressure highest?
The aorta
Blood ____________ (leaving/entering) the heart is at its highest pressure.
Leaving
What are the three layers of a blood vessel from most deep to most superficial?
- Tunica intima
- Tunica media
- Tunica externa
What type of tissue is tunica intima comprised of?
Endothelial tissue
What type of cells is tunica media comprised of?
,Smooth muscle tissue
What type of cells is tunica externa comprised of?
Collagen fibers
Which tunic is significantly smaller in a vein when compared to and artery?
Tunica media
What are the two layers of a capillary?
Basement membrane and endothelial cells
What are the three types of arteries?
- Elastic
- Muscular
- Arteriole
What are the two types of veins?
Venule and veins
What are the functions of tunica externa?
- Anchoring
- Protection
- House vaso vasorum
Define: Vaso vasorum
Network of blood vessels that feel the blood vessels of the body; micro circulatory
system
What structure about veins prevents backflow?
Valves
What are the major functions of elastic arteries?
- Reduce shock
- EVEN OUT FLOW
T/F: Elastic and muscular arteries vasoconstrict while arterioles cannot
vasoconstrict.
False: Muscular arteries and arterioles CAN vasoconstrict while elastic arteries
CANNOT vasoconstrict
What is the major function of muscular arteries?
Limit flow of blood to less important/nonessential tissues
What is the function of arterioles?
To connect arteries to capillaries
How thick are capillary walls?
1 cell thick
Define: Thoroughfare (wrt capillaries)
Structures that allow blood to pass through closed capillary beds unhindered
What are the functions of pericytes?
Stabilize the walls of capillary beds
What are the functions of precapillary sphincters?
To constrict and dilate to open and close capillary beds as needed
In what tissues can you find continuous capillary walls?
Skin, muscle, and brain
What sort of permeability do continuous capillary walls have?
Very restricted: Only allow for select solutes and chemicals to move
What are the two subcategories of fenestrated capillaries?
,With and without a diaphragm
In what tissues are fenestrated capillaries found?
Intestine, kidneys, and endocrine glands
Fenestrated capillaries allow for ____________ (a lot/very little) solute movement.
A lot
In what tissues are sinusoidal capillaries found?
Tissues that are involved with blood: Liver, marrow, spleen
Define: Fenestra
Gaps within capillary walls that allow for the movement of solutes and blood cells
List the capillary types in order from least to most leaky (include both types of
fenestrated capillaries).
- Continuous
- Fenstrated w/ diaphragm
- Fenestrated w/out diaphragm
- Sinusoidal
What causes hemorrhoids and varicose veins?
Ruptured vein valves
What % of blood exists in veins and venules?
60%
What % of blood exists in arteries and arterioles?
15%
What % of blood can be found in pulmonary blood vessels?
12%
What % of blood is found in the heart?
8%
Define: Blood flow
Volume of blood passing through a Defined area at a given time
Define: Blood pressure
The amount of force exerted on a vessel wall
Define: Resistance
Opposition to flow
What are the factors that play into resistance?
- Viscosity
- Length of the vessel
- Vessel diameter
________ (longer/shorter) vessels INCREASE viscosity.
Longer
Define: Laminar flow
Relatively uniform flow of a liquid through a vessel
________ flow is responsible for the sounds of the heart.
Turbulent
Blood flow is measured in ______.
mL/min
Define: Cardiac output
Amount of blood flow through the cardiovascular system
Describe Poiseulle's Law wrt the CVS.
, Blood flow is INVERSELY proportional to viscosity and DIRECTLY proportional to a
change in pressure
What body structure acts as the pump for venous blood?
Skeletal muscle
Hydrostatic pressure due to gravity _________ BP above the heart and _________
BP below the heart.
Decreases; increases
Where in the body is there the greatest change b/t systolic and diastolic
pressure?
In the arterioles
Where in the body is the largest drop in BP?
Between capillaries and arterioles (caused by branching)
What is the fluid shift mechanism?
Fluid from capillaries to interstitial space; decreases BP
Describe the stress-relaxation response.
stress hormones in the blood are reduced during relaxation. This causes a lower BP
What is the point of regulating BP?
- Maintain blood flow through capillary beds
- Divert blood as needed
- Combat gravity
What are the three factors to BP regulation?
- Cardiac output
- Peripheral resistance
- Blood volume
What effect does exercise have on cardiac output?
Increases cardiac output
A(n) __________ in EDV and _________ is ESV leads to an increase in cardiac
output.
Increase; decrease
Additional epinephrine in the blood leads to a(n) ________ in cardiac output.
Increase
Under normal circumstances, HR is regulated by _________.
Parasympathetic control; Cardiac Inhibitory Centers
Under normal circumstances, SV is regulated by _________.
Venous return; End diastolic volume
Under stress circumstances, HR is regulated by __________.
Sympathetic nervous system; Cardiac acceleratory centers
Under stress circumstances, SV is regulated by __________.
- Epinephrine/neural regulation
- Venous return
The vasomotor center is a collection of _________ neurons in the _________.
Sympathetic; medulla
The vasomotor center regulates __________.
Blood vessel diameter
T/F: The vasomotor center is always active.
True
