NUR 283 COMP 1-3 MEDS FINAL EXAM
LATEST UPDATE
WITH QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
TESTED AND GRADED A+
Vesicoureteral Reflux (VUR) - CORRECT ANSWER S/S: Frequent
UTIs - possibly even as an infant, reflux of urine from bladder to
ureters
Vesicoureteral Reflux (VUR) - CORRECT ANSWER What we do
about it: Voiding Cystourethrogram (VCUG)
Vesicoureteral Reflux (VUR) - CORRECT ANSWER Nurse role:
education about no baths, possible home routine of low-dose
antibiotics, cultures every few months
Page 1 of 66
,BP meds ((lisinopril, metoprolol, valsartan, etc) - CORRECT
DANGLE patient on the side of the bed before rising and to change
positions slowly to prevent orthostatic hypotension!
What is the RAAS system pathway? - CORRECT ANSWER
Kidney's detect low BP and release renin- which turns into
angiotensinogin which is produced by the liver-this leads to
angiotensin 1 and this goes to the lungs where angiotensin 1
converting enzyme turns it into angiotensin 2. A2 causes
vasoconstriction which helps to increase BP. The angiotensin 2 also
affects the brain causing the hypothalamus to stimulate a thirst
response by stimulating the secretion of vasopressin (ADH) to help
increase water retention. Angiotensin 2 also stimulates the hormone
aldosterone which helps with sodium retention in the kidneys
increasing blood volume which increases blood pressure.
What is the RAAS system? - CORRECT ANSWER
reninangiotensinaldosterone system (RAAS)
Page 2 of 66
,What natural blood pressure regulation do we intentionally interrupt
in order to control blood pressure in patients with heart failure? -
CORRECT ANSWER the RAAS cycle
How does an ACE inhibitor work? - CORRECT ANSWER ◦Inhibits
ACE from converting angiotensin I to angiotensin II
Prevents vasoconstriction
◦Blocks release of aldosterone
How does a an ARB work? - CORRECT ANSWER It works by
stopping angiotensin 2 from entering the reception site in the vessels
to stop vasoconstriction, promoting vasodilation.
What does ARB stand for? - CORRECT ANSWER Angiotensin
Receptor Blocker
What do ARBs end in? - CORRECT ANSWER -sartan
When would we hold BP medication in a heart failure patient? -
CORRECT ANSWER if systolic BP is less than 90
Page 3 of 66
, Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA) - CORRECT ANSWER S/S:
Increased pulmonary flow machine like murmur
breathing difficulty heart failure ductus remained open after birth
Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA) - CORRECT ANSWER What do
we do about it: Prostaglandin inhibitor (Indomethacin) or Ibuprofen
first to close hole, then cath procedure to close off hole between
pulmonary artery and aorta if medication did not work
Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA) - CORRECT ANSWER Nurse role:
if needed cath procedure needed, post cath care if heart failure care
appropriate for that (medications)
Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD) - CORRECT ANSWER S/S:
Increased pulmonary flow loud systolic murmur breathing difficulty
heart failure respiratory infections
Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD) - CORRECT ANSWER What do
we do about it: Cath procedure or open heart surgery to close off hole
between the ventricles
Page 4 of 66
LATEST UPDATE
WITH QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
TESTED AND GRADED A+
Vesicoureteral Reflux (VUR) - CORRECT ANSWER S/S: Frequent
UTIs - possibly even as an infant, reflux of urine from bladder to
ureters
Vesicoureteral Reflux (VUR) - CORRECT ANSWER What we do
about it: Voiding Cystourethrogram (VCUG)
Vesicoureteral Reflux (VUR) - CORRECT ANSWER Nurse role:
education about no baths, possible home routine of low-dose
antibiotics, cultures every few months
Page 1 of 66
,BP meds ((lisinopril, metoprolol, valsartan, etc) - CORRECT
DANGLE patient on the side of the bed before rising and to change
positions slowly to prevent orthostatic hypotension!
What is the RAAS system pathway? - CORRECT ANSWER
Kidney's detect low BP and release renin- which turns into
angiotensinogin which is produced by the liver-this leads to
angiotensin 1 and this goes to the lungs where angiotensin 1
converting enzyme turns it into angiotensin 2. A2 causes
vasoconstriction which helps to increase BP. The angiotensin 2 also
affects the brain causing the hypothalamus to stimulate a thirst
response by stimulating the secretion of vasopressin (ADH) to help
increase water retention. Angiotensin 2 also stimulates the hormone
aldosterone which helps with sodium retention in the kidneys
increasing blood volume which increases blood pressure.
What is the RAAS system? - CORRECT ANSWER
reninangiotensinaldosterone system (RAAS)
Page 2 of 66
,What natural blood pressure regulation do we intentionally interrupt
in order to control blood pressure in patients with heart failure? -
CORRECT ANSWER the RAAS cycle
How does an ACE inhibitor work? - CORRECT ANSWER ◦Inhibits
ACE from converting angiotensin I to angiotensin II
Prevents vasoconstriction
◦Blocks release of aldosterone
How does a an ARB work? - CORRECT ANSWER It works by
stopping angiotensin 2 from entering the reception site in the vessels
to stop vasoconstriction, promoting vasodilation.
What does ARB stand for? - CORRECT ANSWER Angiotensin
Receptor Blocker
What do ARBs end in? - CORRECT ANSWER -sartan
When would we hold BP medication in a heart failure patient? -
CORRECT ANSWER if systolic BP is less than 90
Page 3 of 66
, Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA) - CORRECT ANSWER S/S:
Increased pulmonary flow machine like murmur
breathing difficulty heart failure ductus remained open after birth
Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA) - CORRECT ANSWER What do
we do about it: Prostaglandin inhibitor (Indomethacin) or Ibuprofen
first to close hole, then cath procedure to close off hole between
pulmonary artery and aorta if medication did not work
Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA) - CORRECT ANSWER Nurse role:
if needed cath procedure needed, post cath care if heart failure care
appropriate for that (medications)
Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD) - CORRECT ANSWER S/S:
Increased pulmonary flow loud systolic murmur breathing difficulty
heart failure respiratory infections
Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD) - CORRECT ANSWER What do
we do about it: Cath procedure or open heart surgery to close off hole
between the ventricles
Page 4 of 66
