WGU D425 INTRO TO
CHEMISTRY EXAM
What is the difference between an Arrhenius acid and a Bronsted-
Lowry acid? - ANSWERS-An Arrhenius acid increases H+
concentration in water, while a Bronsted-Lowry acid is a proton (H+)
donor.
What distinguishes a strong acid/base from a weak one? -
ANSWERS-Strong acids/bases dissociate completely in solution,
while weak ones only partially dissociate.
What are the components of a buffer and its primary function? -
ANSWERS-A buffer consists of a weak acid and its conjugate base; it
resists changes in pH when small amounts of acid or base are added.
What is the mathematical relationship between pH and pOH? -
ANSWERS-pH + pOH = 14.
What is the purpose of a titration experiment? - ANSWERS-To
determine the concentration of an unknown solution by reacting it
with a solution of known concentration.
What is a dynamic chemical equilibrium? - ANSWERS-A state where
the rates of the forward and reverse reactions are equal, resulting in no
net change in concentrations.
,How does the reaction quotient (Q) compare to the equilibrium
constant (Keq) when a reaction is at equilibrium? - ANSWERS-Q is
equal to Keq.
If Q < Keq, in which direction will the reaction proceed? -
ANSWERS-The reaction will proceed in the forward direction toward
the products.
If Q > Keq, in which direction will the reaction proceed? -
ANSWERS-The reaction will proceed in the reverse direction toward
the reactants.
What does Le Chatelier's Principle state? - ANSWERS-If a system at
equilibrium is disturbed, it will shift in a direction that counteracts the
disturbance to re-establish equilibrium.
What are the four parameters used to describe the state of a gas? -
ANSWERS-Amount (n), volume (V), temperature (T), and pressure
(P).
What is the relationship between pressure and volume (Boyle's Law)?
- ANSWERS-Inverse relationship: as pressure increases, volume
decreases (at constant temperature).
What is the relationship between temperature and volume (Charles's
Law)? - ANSWERS-Direct relationship: as temperature increases,
volume increases (at constant pressure).
, What is the relationship between pressure and temperature (Gay-
Lussac's Law)? - ANSWERS-Direct relationship: as temperature
increases, pressure increases (at constant volume).
What is the relationship between volume and moles (Avogadro's
Law)? - ANSWERS-Direct relationship: as the amount of gas
increases, volume increases (at constant pressure and temperature).
What is the Ideal Gas Law equation? - ANSWERS-PV = nRT.
Under what conditions do gases deviate from ideal behavior? -
ANSWERS-At high pressures and low temperatures, where
intermolecular forces and particle volume become significant.
What are the primary postulates of the kinetic molecular theory of
gases? - ANSWERS-Gas particles are in constant random motion,
have negligible volume, exert no forces on each other, and collisions
are perfectly elastic.
How do you calculate Molarity? - ANSWERS-Moles of solute
divided by liters of solution.
How do you distinguish between a pure substance and a mixture? -
ANSWERS-A pure substance has a fixed chemical composition
throughout, while a mixture consists of two or more substances
physically combined with variable composition.
CHEMISTRY EXAM
What is the difference between an Arrhenius acid and a Bronsted-
Lowry acid? - ANSWERS-An Arrhenius acid increases H+
concentration in water, while a Bronsted-Lowry acid is a proton (H+)
donor.
What distinguishes a strong acid/base from a weak one? -
ANSWERS-Strong acids/bases dissociate completely in solution,
while weak ones only partially dissociate.
What are the components of a buffer and its primary function? -
ANSWERS-A buffer consists of a weak acid and its conjugate base; it
resists changes in pH when small amounts of acid or base are added.
What is the mathematical relationship between pH and pOH? -
ANSWERS-pH + pOH = 14.
What is the purpose of a titration experiment? - ANSWERS-To
determine the concentration of an unknown solution by reacting it
with a solution of known concentration.
What is a dynamic chemical equilibrium? - ANSWERS-A state where
the rates of the forward and reverse reactions are equal, resulting in no
net change in concentrations.
,How does the reaction quotient (Q) compare to the equilibrium
constant (Keq) when a reaction is at equilibrium? - ANSWERS-Q is
equal to Keq.
If Q < Keq, in which direction will the reaction proceed? -
ANSWERS-The reaction will proceed in the forward direction toward
the products.
If Q > Keq, in which direction will the reaction proceed? -
ANSWERS-The reaction will proceed in the reverse direction toward
the reactants.
What does Le Chatelier's Principle state? - ANSWERS-If a system at
equilibrium is disturbed, it will shift in a direction that counteracts the
disturbance to re-establish equilibrium.
What are the four parameters used to describe the state of a gas? -
ANSWERS-Amount (n), volume (V), temperature (T), and pressure
(P).
What is the relationship between pressure and volume (Boyle's Law)?
- ANSWERS-Inverse relationship: as pressure increases, volume
decreases (at constant temperature).
What is the relationship between temperature and volume (Charles's
Law)? - ANSWERS-Direct relationship: as temperature increases,
volume increases (at constant pressure).
, What is the relationship between pressure and temperature (Gay-
Lussac's Law)? - ANSWERS-Direct relationship: as temperature
increases, pressure increases (at constant volume).
What is the relationship between volume and moles (Avogadro's
Law)? - ANSWERS-Direct relationship: as the amount of gas
increases, volume increases (at constant pressure and temperature).
What is the Ideal Gas Law equation? - ANSWERS-PV = nRT.
Under what conditions do gases deviate from ideal behavior? -
ANSWERS-At high pressures and low temperatures, where
intermolecular forces and particle volume become significant.
What are the primary postulates of the kinetic molecular theory of
gases? - ANSWERS-Gas particles are in constant random motion,
have negligible volume, exert no forces on each other, and collisions
are perfectly elastic.
How do you calculate Molarity? - ANSWERS-Moles of solute
divided by liters of solution.
How do you distinguish between a pure substance and a mixture? -
ANSWERS-A pure substance has a fixed chemical composition
throughout, while a mixture consists of two or more substances
physically combined with variable composition.
