Advanced Heart Failure and
Ventricular Assist Devices Exam
Questions & Answers (Grade A+)
• Prevalence: 6.9 million patients estimated in the U.S. in 2020
• Incidence x 2 in last ten years.
• 379,800 deaths in 2018.
• Most frequent reason for hospitalization in patients > 65 years of
age.
• A leading cause of hospitalizations in the U.S ~900,000
hospitalizations annually
• Rehospitalization within 6 months as high as 50%. -
correct answer ✅chronic congestive heart failure
_ cost the nation $30.7 billion in 2012.
▫ Total cost of care (direct and indirect costs) for HF in 2020 was
estimated at $43.6 billion
▫ projected to increase to $69.7 billion by 2030 -
correct answer ✅Heart failure
progression of heart failure: class _
- 25% of HF Patients
- Frequent hospitalizations
- Worsening symptoms despite drug therapy
,Advanced Heart Failure and
Ventricular Assist Devices Exam
Questions & Answers (Grade A+)
- Significant opportunity for new therapies -
correct answer ✅III
progression of heart failure: class _ as survival rate decreases and
hospitalizations increases -
correct answer ✅III
Treatment Options for Advanced Heart Failure: medical
management -
correct answer ✅Beta Blockers, ACE Inhibitors, ARBs, Aldosterone
Antagonists, Diuretic Therapy, Oral Nitrates and Hydralazine, etc.
Treatment Options for Advanced Heart Failure: surgical
management -
correct answer ✅Valve Repair/Replacement; CABG
Treatment Options for Advanced Heart Failure: mechanical
circulatory support devices -
correct answer ✅Balloon Pump, Ventricular Assist Device (VAD),
ECMO
, Advanced Heart Failure and
Ventricular Assist Devices Exam
Questions & Answers (Grade A+)
Treatment Options for Advanced Heart Failure: cardiac
transplantation -
correct answer ✅Limited by donor shortage
Treatment Options for Advanced Heart Failure: implantable _ -
correct answer ✅Cardioverter Defibrillator (ICD)/ Biventricular
Pacemaker
Indications for a VAD: bridge to transplant -
correct answer ✅- unable to maintain circulation until donor is
available
- patients with long wait for donor heart
- improved post transplant outcomes
Indications for a VAD: destination therapy -
correct answer ✅not a transplant candidate
Indications for a VAD: post cardiotomy -
correct answer ✅unable to be weaned from cardiopulmonary
bypass
Ventricular Assist Devices Exam
Questions & Answers (Grade A+)
• Prevalence: 6.9 million patients estimated in the U.S. in 2020
• Incidence x 2 in last ten years.
• 379,800 deaths in 2018.
• Most frequent reason for hospitalization in patients > 65 years of
age.
• A leading cause of hospitalizations in the U.S ~900,000
hospitalizations annually
• Rehospitalization within 6 months as high as 50%. -
correct answer ✅chronic congestive heart failure
_ cost the nation $30.7 billion in 2012.
▫ Total cost of care (direct and indirect costs) for HF in 2020 was
estimated at $43.6 billion
▫ projected to increase to $69.7 billion by 2030 -
correct answer ✅Heart failure
progression of heart failure: class _
- 25% of HF Patients
- Frequent hospitalizations
- Worsening symptoms despite drug therapy
,Advanced Heart Failure and
Ventricular Assist Devices Exam
Questions & Answers (Grade A+)
- Significant opportunity for new therapies -
correct answer ✅III
progression of heart failure: class _ as survival rate decreases and
hospitalizations increases -
correct answer ✅III
Treatment Options for Advanced Heart Failure: medical
management -
correct answer ✅Beta Blockers, ACE Inhibitors, ARBs, Aldosterone
Antagonists, Diuretic Therapy, Oral Nitrates and Hydralazine, etc.
Treatment Options for Advanced Heart Failure: surgical
management -
correct answer ✅Valve Repair/Replacement; CABG
Treatment Options for Advanced Heart Failure: mechanical
circulatory support devices -
correct answer ✅Balloon Pump, Ventricular Assist Device (VAD),
ECMO
, Advanced Heart Failure and
Ventricular Assist Devices Exam
Questions & Answers (Grade A+)
Treatment Options for Advanced Heart Failure: cardiac
transplantation -
correct answer ✅Limited by donor shortage
Treatment Options for Advanced Heart Failure: implantable _ -
correct answer ✅Cardioverter Defibrillator (ICD)/ Biventricular
Pacemaker
Indications for a VAD: bridge to transplant -
correct answer ✅- unable to maintain circulation until donor is
available
- patients with long wait for donor heart
- improved post transplant outcomes
Indications for a VAD: destination therapy -
correct answer ✅not a transplant candidate
Indications for a VAD: post cardiotomy -
correct answer ✅unable to be weaned from cardiopulmonary
bypass
