1
NUR 2063 EXAM 2 ESSENTIALS OF
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
LATEST UPDATED VERSION QUESTIONS WITH
CORRECT ANSWERS
What is myxedema? severe
hypothyroidism; non pitting edema
What are the causes of hypothyroidism?
Hashimoto's disease: most common when the immune system attacks the thyroid
cells
- after surgical or radioactive treatment for hyperthyroidism
- head or neck radiation for cancer
- iodine deficiency
What are the three p's in diabetes?
polydipsia, polyuria, polyphagia
What is the difference between primary and secondary endocrine disorders?
Primary endocrine disease inhibits the action of downstream glands, malfunction
1
,2
of the hormone producing gland; Secondary endocrine disease is indicative of a
problem with the pituitary gland.
What is the cause of Cushing
syndrome? Excessive corticosteroids
What is acute gastritis?
Transient inflammation of the gastric mucosa
What is chronic gastritis?
Chronic mucosal inflammatory changes leading to atrophy and intestinal
metaplasia.
This is mostly due to H. Pylori, but in some cases it can be autoimmune.
What causes gastritis?
Acute - circulatory disturbances (shock) and exposure to exogenous irritants
(drugs
[aspirin], alcohol, chemicals, lactose intolerance) Chronic
- cause is unknown is probably mediated by immunologic mechanism or related
to infection with H. pylori What is amenorrhea? - absence of menstruation
What is metrorrhagia? - bleeding between periods What is dysmenorrhea?
- painful periods
Costal vertebral angle (CVA) angle formed by the 12th rib and the vertebral
column on the posterior thorax, overlying the kidney; percuss for kidney
tenderness What causes flank pain?
kidney stones
,3
When is enuresis abnormal? after
age 5
People with polycystic kidney disease should do what?
increase fluid intake, measure blood pressure regularly
What is polyuria? frequent urination
Female Mutilation risks for uti, trouble
urinating
What hormone causes bleeding during menopause?
estrogen
Where does exchange occur in the kidneys?
As the filtered fluid moves along the tubule, the blood vessel reabsorbs almost all
of the water, along with minerals and nutrients your body needs. The tubule helps
remove excess acid from the blood. The remaining fluid and wastes in the tubule
become urine.
What increases the risk for bladder cancer? smoking
What is the kidney filtration path?
Bowmans capsule>proximal tubule>loop of henle>distal tubule What
causes increase in glumerial filtration?
increase capillary hydrostatic pressure What
is cystitis? inflammation of the urinary bladder; UTI, painful
burning, itching, What
is a hydrocele?
3
, 4
Fluid collection within the tunica vaginalis
What are the symptoms of prositis?
pain, fever, trouble urinating, trouble with urine retention
What is renal colic? kidney stone related pain
What is the bacteria associated with syphilis? anaerobic
spirochetes
What are complications of syphilis?
vascular problems, cardiovascular, aortic stenosis, inflamed aorta, aorta necrosis,
brain
aneurysm, blindness, numbness, tingly, loopyness What end periods? anorexia,
menopause, pregnancy, hypothyroidism, adenomas and carcinomas When is RAS
activated? low BP
Treatment for herpes
Acyclovir, sitz bath, dry heat symptoms of
post streptococcal glomerulonephritis dark
urine What causes acromegaly? excessive
GH during adulthood
Primary hypothyroidism levels low
T4, high TSH
Secondary hypothyroidism levels low T3, T4 and TSH What is gigantism?
hypersecretion of GH in children What is diabetes insipidus? a disorder
caused by
inadequate amounts of ADH which causes excessive water loss What is SIADH?
syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone; too much sodium secretion What
NUR 2063 EXAM 2 ESSENTIALS OF
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
LATEST UPDATED VERSION QUESTIONS WITH
CORRECT ANSWERS
What is myxedema? severe
hypothyroidism; non pitting edema
What are the causes of hypothyroidism?
Hashimoto's disease: most common when the immune system attacks the thyroid
cells
- after surgical or radioactive treatment for hyperthyroidism
- head or neck radiation for cancer
- iodine deficiency
What are the three p's in diabetes?
polydipsia, polyuria, polyphagia
What is the difference between primary and secondary endocrine disorders?
Primary endocrine disease inhibits the action of downstream glands, malfunction
1
,2
of the hormone producing gland; Secondary endocrine disease is indicative of a
problem with the pituitary gland.
What is the cause of Cushing
syndrome? Excessive corticosteroids
What is acute gastritis?
Transient inflammation of the gastric mucosa
What is chronic gastritis?
Chronic mucosal inflammatory changes leading to atrophy and intestinal
metaplasia.
This is mostly due to H. Pylori, but in some cases it can be autoimmune.
What causes gastritis?
Acute - circulatory disturbances (shock) and exposure to exogenous irritants
(drugs
[aspirin], alcohol, chemicals, lactose intolerance) Chronic
- cause is unknown is probably mediated by immunologic mechanism or related
to infection with H. pylori What is amenorrhea? - absence of menstruation
What is metrorrhagia? - bleeding between periods What is dysmenorrhea?
- painful periods
Costal vertebral angle (CVA) angle formed by the 12th rib and the vertebral
column on the posterior thorax, overlying the kidney; percuss for kidney
tenderness What causes flank pain?
kidney stones
,3
When is enuresis abnormal? after
age 5
People with polycystic kidney disease should do what?
increase fluid intake, measure blood pressure regularly
What is polyuria? frequent urination
Female Mutilation risks for uti, trouble
urinating
What hormone causes bleeding during menopause?
estrogen
Where does exchange occur in the kidneys?
As the filtered fluid moves along the tubule, the blood vessel reabsorbs almost all
of the water, along with minerals and nutrients your body needs. The tubule helps
remove excess acid from the blood. The remaining fluid and wastes in the tubule
become urine.
What increases the risk for bladder cancer? smoking
What is the kidney filtration path?
Bowmans capsule>proximal tubule>loop of henle>distal tubule What
causes increase in glumerial filtration?
increase capillary hydrostatic pressure What
is cystitis? inflammation of the urinary bladder; UTI, painful
burning, itching, What
is a hydrocele?
3
, 4
Fluid collection within the tunica vaginalis
What are the symptoms of prositis?
pain, fever, trouble urinating, trouble with urine retention
What is renal colic? kidney stone related pain
What is the bacteria associated with syphilis? anaerobic
spirochetes
What are complications of syphilis?
vascular problems, cardiovascular, aortic stenosis, inflamed aorta, aorta necrosis,
brain
aneurysm, blindness, numbness, tingly, loopyness What end periods? anorexia,
menopause, pregnancy, hypothyroidism, adenomas and carcinomas When is RAS
activated? low BP
Treatment for herpes
Acyclovir, sitz bath, dry heat symptoms of
post streptococcal glomerulonephritis dark
urine What causes acromegaly? excessive
GH during adulthood
Primary hypothyroidism levels low
T4, high TSH
Secondary hypothyroidism levels low T3, T4 and TSH What is gigantism?
hypersecretion of GH in children What is diabetes insipidus? a disorder
caused by
inadequate amounts of ADH which causes excessive water loss What is SIADH?
syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone; too much sodium secretion What
