NEET Biology - Cell (Complete Notes)
1. Cell Theory
• Proposed by Schleiden and Schwann. • Modified by Virchow: 'Omnis cellula e cellula' (cells arise
from pre-existing cells).
2. Types of Cells
• Prokaryotic: No nucleus, smaller size, example - bacteria. • Eukaryotic: True nucleus,
membrane-bound organelles, example - plant & animal cells.
3. Cell Organelles
• Nucleus: Controls activities, contains DNA. • Mitochondria: Powerhouse of the cell (ATP
production). • Ribosomes: Protein synthesis. • Endoplasmic Reticulum: RER (protein), SER (lipid
synthesis). • Golgi Apparatus: Packaging and secretion. • Lysosomes: Digestion ('suicide bags').
4. Plasma Membrane
• Fluid mosaic model (Singer & Nicolson). • Selectively permeable. • Transport: Diffusion, Osmosis,
Active transport.
5. Cell Cycle
• Interphase: G1, S, G2 phases. • M phase: Mitosis (Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase).
• Meiosis: Reduction division forming gametes.
6. Important NEET Points
• Mitochondria has its own DNA. • Ribosomes are non-membranous. • Lysosomes are abundant in
animal cells. • Cell wall is present in plant cells.
1. Cell Theory
• Proposed by Schleiden and Schwann. • Modified by Virchow: 'Omnis cellula e cellula' (cells arise
from pre-existing cells).
2. Types of Cells
• Prokaryotic: No nucleus, smaller size, example - bacteria. • Eukaryotic: True nucleus,
membrane-bound organelles, example - plant & animal cells.
3. Cell Organelles
• Nucleus: Controls activities, contains DNA. • Mitochondria: Powerhouse of the cell (ATP
production). • Ribosomes: Protein synthesis. • Endoplasmic Reticulum: RER (protein), SER (lipid
synthesis). • Golgi Apparatus: Packaging and secretion. • Lysosomes: Digestion ('suicide bags').
4. Plasma Membrane
• Fluid mosaic model (Singer & Nicolson). • Selectively permeable. • Transport: Diffusion, Osmosis,
Active transport.
5. Cell Cycle
• Interphase: G1, S, G2 phases. • M phase: Mitosis (Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase).
• Meiosis: Reduction division forming gametes.
6. Important NEET Points
• Mitochondria has its own DNA. • Ribosomes are non-membranous. • Lysosomes are abundant in
animal cells. • Cell wall is present in plant cells.
