HNSC 1210 FINAL | 397 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | WITH COMPLETE SOLUTION.
describe a lipid - (answer)they are soluble in organic solvent but not in water (our body is mostly water)
what is the recommended amount for dietary fat? - (answer)no more than 30% energy from dietary fat
recommendation from saturated fat? - (answer)no more than 10%
benefits of a low saturated and trans fat diet? - (answer)helps to reduce blood cholesterol amd thus
heart disease
what does unsaturated fat do? - (answer)can reduce blood clotting
what are 2 polyunsaturated fatty acids? - (answer)omega-6 and omega-3
how much energy should come from omega-6? - (answer)5-10% energy
how much energy should come from omega-3? - (answer).6-1.2%
what are some foods high in cholesterol? - (answer)eggs, shellfish and liver
describe triglycerides - (answer)-95% of lipid in foods and body fat
-contain 3 fatty acids + a glycerol backbone
what is glycerol made from? - (answer)glucose or amino acids
what are fatty acids classified by? - (answer)chain length and degree of saturation
chain lengths of fatty acids - (answer)short= 10 or less carbons, medium=12-14 carbons, long= 16 or
more carbons
,HNSC 1210 FINAL | 397 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | WITH COMPLETE SOLUTION.
describe saturated - (answer)-has NO double bonds (c=c)
-tend to be solid at room temperature
examples of saturated fats - (answer)butterfield, coconut and palm oils
describe monounsaturated - (answer)has 1 double bond
examples of monounsaturated fats - (answer)conola and olive oils
describe polyunsaturated - (answer)-2 or more double bonds
-tend to be liquid (oils) at room temperature
examples of polyunsaturated fats - (answer)plant and fish oils
hydrogenation - (answer)removing C=C double bonds by adding hydrogen, it creates trans-fatty acids
which act like saturated fatty acids in the body (increased risk for heart disease)
benefits of hydrogenation - (answer)-better storage/less rancidity and high smoke point for frying but
there are health costs (such as cardiovascular disease)
where are trans fatty acids consumed from? - (answer)in processed foods, fast food, baked goods and
potato chips
examples of lipids - (answer)phospholipids and sterols
describe phospholipids - (answer)-glucerole molecule + 2 fatty acids + phosphorus containing molecule
-water and fat soluble
,HNSC 1210 FINAL | 397 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | WITH COMPLETE SOLUTION.
-can serve as an emulsifer
examples of sterols - (answer)Vit D, sex hormones (estrogen and testosteron), stress hormone
(epinephrine)
what is cholesterol? - (answer)a sterol
describe cholesterol - (answer)it is present in all cell membranes, bile and precursors for: Vit D, sex and
stress hormones
describe lipid digestion in the stomach - (answer)fat separates from watery components and floats to
the top- little fat digestion takes place here
describe lipid digestion in the small intestine - (answer)bile is needed to emulsify lipid and chyme,
pancreatic lipase (enzyme) is then used to split it into smaller particles
lipid digestion and absorption - (answer)-small lipids enter the capillary network then into the
bloodstream
-large lipids (long chain fatty acids & monoglycerides) travel in the bloodstream as chylomicrons
what are the lipoproteins the body uses to transport fat? - (answer)chylomicrons, very low density
lipoprotein (VLDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL), high density lipoprotein (HDL)
describe chylomicrons - (answer)dietary lipid and carrier protein that transports fats through watery
blood fluids
describe very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) - (answer)tryglycerides synthesized in the liver to body cells
describe low density lipoprotein (LDL) - (answer)carries triglycerides and cholesterol circulating in the
blood to body cells
, HNSC 1210 FINAL | 397 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | WITH COMPLETE SOLUTION.
describe high density lipoproteins (HDL) - (answer)carries excess cholesterol in the body to the liver for
excretion
what is used for energy by many organs? - (answer)fatty acids
what is the typical fuel mix? - (answer)50% carbohydrates, 50% lipids for liver and mucles
what develops if CHO is not available when fat is broken down for energy? - (answer)ketones develop
and build up in the blood and urine
what are ketones? - (answer)products of incomplete fat breakdown
what does high LDL cause? (low density lipoprotein) - (answer)increased risk for heart disease
major risk factors for heart disease? - (answer)-high LDL
-low HDL
-a diet high in saturated and trans fats and low in vegetables, fruit and whole grain
-lifestyle factors
how much cholesterol is synthesized in the body? - (answer)75%-80%
what has precursors and structural roles that are required for health? - (answer)cholesterol
what is an example of a linoleic acid? - (answer)omega- 6
what is an example of a linolenic acid? - (answer)omega- 3
describe a lipid - (answer)they are soluble in organic solvent but not in water (our body is mostly water)
what is the recommended amount for dietary fat? - (answer)no more than 30% energy from dietary fat
recommendation from saturated fat? - (answer)no more than 10%
benefits of a low saturated and trans fat diet? - (answer)helps to reduce blood cholesterol amd thus
heart disease
what does unsaturated fat do? - (answer)can reduce blood clotting
what are 2 polyunsaturated fatty acids? - (answer)omega-6 and omega-3
how much energy should come from omega-6? - (answer)5-10% energy
how much energy should come from omega-3? - (answer).6-1.2%
what are some foods high in cholesterol? - (answer)eggs, shellfish and liver
describe triglycerides - (answer)-95% of lipid in foods and body fat
-contain 3 fatty acids + a glycerol backbone
what is glycerol made from? - (answer)glucose or amino acids
what are fatty acids classified by? - (answer)chain length and degree of saturation
chain lengths of fatty acids - (answer)short= 10 or less carbons, medium=12-14 carbons, long= 16 or
more carbons
,HNSC 1210 FINAL | 397 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | WITH COMPLETE SOLUTION.
describe saturated - (answer)-has NO double bonds (c=c)
-tend to be solid at room temperature
examples of saturated fats - (answer)butterfield, coconut and palm oils
describe monounsaturated - (answer)has 1 double bond
examples of monounsaturated fats - (answer)conola and olive oils
describe polyunsaturated - (answer)-2 or more double bonds
-tend to be liquid (oils) at room temperature
examples of polyunsaturated fats - (answer)plant and fish oils
hydrogenation - (answer)removing C=C double bonds by adding hydrogen, it creates trans-fatty acids
which act like saturated fatty acids in the body (increased risk for heart disease)
benefits of hydrogenation - (answer)-better storage/less rancidity and high smoke point for frying but
there are health costs (such as cardiovascular disease)
where are trans fatty acids consumed from? - (answer)in processed foods, fast food, baked goods and
potato chips
examples of lipids - (answer)phospholipids and sterols
describe phospholipids - (answer)-glucerole molecule + 2 fatty acids + phosphorus containing molecule
-water and fat soluble
,HNSC 1210 FINAL | 397 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | WITH COMPLETE SOLUTION.
-can serve as an emulsifer
examples of sterols - (answer)Vit D, sex hormones (estrogen and testosteron), stress hormone
(epinephrine)
what is cholesterol? - (answer)a sterol
describe cholesterol - (answer)it is present in all cell membranes, bile and precursors for: Vit D, sex and
stress hormones
describe lipid digestion in the stomach - (answer)fat separates from watery components and floats to
the top- little fat digestion takes place here
describe lipid digestion in the small intestine - (answer)bile is needed to emulsify lipid and chyme,
pancreatic lipase (enzyme) is then used to split it into smaller particles
lipid digestion and absorption - (answer)-small lipids enter the capillary network then into the
bloodstream
-large lipids (long chain fatty acids & monoglycerides) travel in the bloodstream as chylomicrons
what are the lipoproteins the body uses to transport fat? - (answer)chylomicrons, very low density
lipoprotein (VLDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL), high density lipoprotein (HDL)
describe chylomicrons - (answer)dietary lipid and carrier protein that transports fats through watery
blood fluids
describe very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) - (answer)tryglycerides synthesized in the liver to body cells
describe low density lipoprotein (LDL) - (answer)carries triglycerides and cholesterol circulating in the
blood to body cells
, HNSC 1210 FINAL | 397 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | WITH COMPLETE SOLUTION.
describe high density lipoproteins (HDL) - (answer)carries excess cholesterol in the body to the liver for
excretion
what is used for energy by many organs? - (answer)fatty acids
what is the typical fuel mix? - (answer)50% carbohydrates, 50% lipids for liver and mucles
what develops if CHO is not available when fat is broken down for energy? - (answer)ketones develop
and build up in the blood and urine
what are ketones? - (answer)products of incomplete fat breakdown
what does high LDL cause? (low density lipoprotein) - (answer)increased risk for heart disease
major risk factors for heart disease? - (answer)-high LDL
-low HDL
-a diet high in saturated and trans fats and low in vegetables, fruit and whole grain
-lifestyle factors
how much cholesterol is synthesized in the body? - (answer)75%-80%
what has precursors and structural roles that are required for health? - (answer)cholesterol
what is an example of a linoleic acid? - (answer)omega- 6
what is an example of a linolenic acid? - (answer)omega- 3
