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RADIATION PROTECTION IN MEDICALRADIOGRAPHY 9TH EDITION
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ByMaryAlice Statkiewicz Sherer
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, TABLEOF CONTENT am
Chapter1. Introduction to Radiation Protection
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Chapter 2. Radiation: Types,Sources, and Doses ReceivedC hapter
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3. Interaction of X-Radiation with Matter
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Chapter 4. Radiation Quantities and Units Chapte
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r 5. Radiation Monitoring
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Chapter 6. Overviewof Cell Biology
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Chapter7. Molecularand CellularRadiation Biology
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Chapter 8. Early Tissue Reactions and Their Effects on Organ Systems Chapter 9
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. Stochastic Effects and Late Tissue Reactions of Radiation in OrganSystems Cha
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pter 10. Dose Limits for Exposure to Ionizing RadiationC
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hapter 11. EquipmentDesignfor Radiation Protection
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Chapter 12. Management of Patient Radiation Dose During Diagnostic X-
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am RayProcedures
Chapter 13. Radiation Safety in ComputedTomography and MammographyC
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mhapter 14. Management of Imaging Personnel Radiation Dose During Diagnos
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am tic X-Ray Procedures
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Chapter 15. Radioisotopes and Radiation Protection
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Chapter 01: Introduction to Radiation Protection
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Sherer: Radiation Protection in Medical Radiography, 9th Edition
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MULTIPLE CHOICE am
1. Consequences of ionization in human cells include am 9 am 9am 9a m am
1. creation ofunstable atoms. am am
2. production of free electrons. 9a m 9 am
3. creation of highlyreactivefreemolecules (called free radicals) capable of producingsubsta
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nces poisonous to the cell.
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4. creation of newbiologic molecules detrimental to the living cell.
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5. injuryto the cell that may manifest itself as abnormal function or loss offunction.
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6. production of low-energy x-rayphotons. am 9 am
a. 1, 2, 3, and 4 only
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b. 2, 3, 4, and 5 only
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c. 3, 4, 5, and 6 only
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d. All the options am am
ANS: D am
,2. Which of the following is a form of radiation that is capable of creating electrically charged parti
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c les byremoving orbital electrons from the atom of normal matter through which it passes?
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a. Ionizing radiation am
b. Nonionizing radiation am
c. Subatomic radiation am
d. Ultrasonic radiation am
ANS: A am
3. Regarding exposure to ionizing radiation, patients who areeducated to understand the medical
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be nefit of an imaging procedure are more likely to
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a. assume a small chance of biologic damage but not suppress anyradiation phobiathey
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may have. am
b. cancel their scheduled procedure because they are not willing to assume asmall
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cha nce of biologic damage. am am am am
c. suppress anyradiation phobia but not risk asmall chance of possible biologicd
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a mage. am
d. suppress any radiation phobia and be willing to assume a small chance ofpossiblebio
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l ogic damage. am am
ANS: D am
4. The millisievert (mSv) isequal to
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a. 1/10 of asievert. am am
b. 1/100 of asievert. am am
c. 1/1000 of asievert. am am
d. 1/10,000 of asievert. am am
ANS: C am
5. The advantages of the BERT method are
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1. BERT doesnot implyradiation risk; it is simply a means for comparison.
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2. BERT emphasizes that radiation is an innate part of the environment.
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3. BERT provides an answer that is easy for the patient tocomprehend.
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a. 1 and 2 only am am am
b. 1 and 3 only am am am
c. 2 and 3 only 9 am am
d. All the options am am
ANS: D am
6. If a patient asks a radiographer a question about how much radiation he or she will receivefrom a s
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pecific x-ray procedure, the radiographer can
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a. respond byusing an estimation based on the comparison of radiation received from
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the x-ray to natural background radiation received.
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b. avoid the patient’s question bychanging the subject.
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c. tell the patient that it is unethical todiscuss such concerns.
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d. refuse to answer the question and recommend that he orshe speak with the r
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ef erring physician. am a m
ANS: A am
7. Why should the selection oftechnical exposure factors for all medical imaging procedure
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sal ways follow ALARA?
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a. So that referring physicians ordering imaging procedures do not have to acceptresp
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onsibility for patient radiation safety.
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b. So that radiographers and radiologists do not have to accept responsibility for
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, patient radiation safety. am am
c. Because radiation- 9a m
induced cancer does not appear to have a fixed threshold, that is,a dose level below w hi
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ch a person would have no chance of developing this disease.
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d. Because radiation- 9a m
induced cancer does have a dose level at which individualswould have a chance
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of developing this disease.am a m am
ANS: C am
8. The cardinal principles of radiation protection include which ofthe following?
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a. Time
b. Distance
c. Shielding
d. All the options am am
ANS: D am
9. In a hospital setting, which of the following professionals is expressly charged bythe hospital
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admi nistration with being directly responsible for the execution, enforcement, and maintenan
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ce of t he ALARA program?
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a. Assistant administrator ofthe facility am a m am
b. Chief of staff am am
c. Radiation Safety Officer am am
d. Student radiologic technologist 9 am
ANS: C am
10. Why is a question concerning the amount of radiation a patient will receive during aspecific
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x- ray procedure difficult to answer?
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1. Because the received dose is specified in anumber ofdifferent units ofmeasure.
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2. Because the scientific units for radiation dose are normally not comprehensible by apatient.
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3. Because the patient should not receive anyinformation about radiation dose.
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a. 1 and 2 only am am am
b. 1 and 3 only am am am
c. 2 and 3 only 9 am am
d. All the options am am
ANS: A am
11. X-rays area form of which ofthe following kinds of radiation?
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a. Environmental
b. Ionizing
c. Internal
d. Nonionizing
ANS: B am
12. What unit is used to measure radiation exposure in the metric International System of Units?
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a. Coulomb perkilogram 9am
b. Milligray
c. Millisievert
d. Sievert
ANS: A am
13. What organization was founded in 2007 that continues their pursuit to raise awareness of thene
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ed for dose reduction protocols by promoting pediatric-
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specified scan protocols to be usedfor both radiology and non-radiology users of CT?
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a. U.S. Foodand Drug Administration am 9 am
RADIATION PROTECTION IN MEDICALRADIOGRAPHY 9TH EDITION
am am am am am
ByMaryAlice Statkiewicz Sherer
am 9am am
, TABLEOF CONTENT am
Chapter1. Introduction to Radiation Protection
a
m am am am am
Chapter 2. Radiation: Types,Sources, and Doses ReceivedC hapter
m
a am am m
a a
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a am
3. Interaction of X-Radiation with Matter
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Chapter 4. Radiation Quantities and Units Chapte
a
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m a
m a
m a
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r 5. Radiation Monitoring
a
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Chapter 6. Overviewof Cell Biology
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a a
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Chapter7. Molecularand CellularRadiation Biology
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a am am a
m am
Chapter 8. Early Tissue Reactions and Their Effects on Organ Systems Chapter 9
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. Stochastic Effects and Late Tissue Reactions of Radiation in OrganSystems Cha
a
m a
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a a
m a
m a
m a
m m
a a
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pter 10. Dose Limits for Exposure to Ionizing RadiationC
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hapter 11. EquipmentDesignfor Radiation Protection
a
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Chapter 12. Management of Patient Radiation Dose During Diagnostic X-
a
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a a
m a
m a
m a
m a
m a
m a
m
am RayProcedures
Chapter 13. Radiation Safety in ComputedTomography and MammographyC
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mhapter 14. Management of Imaging Personnel Radiation Dose During Diagnos
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am tic X-Ray Procedures
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Chapter 15. Radioisotopes and Radiation Protection
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a am m
a am am
Chapter 01: Introduction to Radiation Protection
a m am am am am
Sherer: Radiation Protection in Medical Radiography, 9th Edition
am am am am am a m am
MULTIPLE CHOICE am
1. Consequences of ionization in human cells include am 9 am 9am 9a m am
1. creation ofunstable atoms. am am
2. production of free electrons. 9a m 9 am
3. creation of highlyreactivefreemolecules (called free radicals) capable of producingsubsta
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nces poisonous to the cell.
am a m am am
4. creation of newbiologic molecules detrimental to the living cell.
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5. injuryto the cell that may manifest itself as abnormal function or loss offunction.
am am 9am am 9am am 9a m 9a m am am am am 9am am
6. production of low-energy x-rayphotons. am 9 am
a. 1, 2, 3, and 4 only
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b. 2, 3, 4, and 5 only
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c. 3, 4, 5, and 6 only
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d. All the options am am
ANS: D am
,2. Which of the following is a form of radiation that is capable of creating electrically charged parti
9a m am 9a m am 9am 9 9am am am am am am 9 am am 9
c les byremoving orbital electrons from the atom of normal matter through which it passes?
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a. Ionizing radiation am
b. Nonionizing radiation am
c. Subatomic radiation am
d. Ultrasonic radiation am
ANS: A am
3. Regarding exposure to ionizing radiation, patients who areeducated to understand the medical
am am am 9a m am am 9am am 9 9a m am
be nefit of an imaging procedure are more likely to
am a m am am a m am am 9am am
a. assume a small chance of biologic damage but not suppress anyradiation phobiathey
9 am am 9 am am 9 am am 9 am am
may have. am
b. cancel their scheduled procedure because they are not willing to assume asmall
am am 9am 9a m am am 9am 9am am am 9a m 9
cha nce of biologic damage. am am am am
c. suppress anyradiation phobia but not risk asmall chance of possible biologicd
9am am 9a m am am am am am am am
a mage. am
d. suppress any radiation phobia and be willing to assume a small chance ofpossiblebio
am am am am am 9 9am 9 am 9 am 9a m
l ogic damage. am am
ANS: D am
4. The millisievert (mSv) isequal to
am am am am
a. 1/10 of asievert. am am
b. 1/100 of asievert. am am
c. 1/1000 of asievert. am am
d. 1/10,000 of asievert. am am
ANS: C am
5. The advantages of the BERT method are
9am am 9 am am am
1. BERT doesnot implyradiation risk; it is simply a means for comparison.
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2. BERT emphasizes that radiation is an innate part of the environment.
am a m am am am am am 9 am am
3. BERT provides an answer that is easy for the patient tocomprehend.
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a. 1 and 2 only am am am
b. 1 and 3 only am am am
c. 2 and 3 only 9 am am
d. All the options am am
ANS: D am
6. If a patient asks a radiographer a question about how much radiation he or she will receivefrom a s
am am am am am am am 9 am am 9 am am am 9 am am am
pecific x-ray procedure, the radiographer can
am am am am a m
a. respond byusing an estimation based on the comparison of radiation received from
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the x-ray to natural background radiation received.
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b. avoid the patient’s question bychanging the subject.
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c. tell the patient that it is unethical todiscuss such concerns.
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d. refuse to answer the question and recommend that he orshe speak with the r
9am am am am am 9am 9am am am am 9am am am 9
ef erring physician. am a m
ANS: A am
7. Why should the selection oftechnical exposure factors for all medical imaging procedure
am 9a m am 9 am am am am am am 9a m 9a m
sal ways follow ALARA?
am a m am
a. So that referring physicians ordering imaging procedures do not have to acceptresp
am am am am 9 9 am am am am am a
onsibility for patient radiation safety.
m a m am a m a m
b. So that radiographers and radiologists do not have to accept responsibility for
am am 9am am a m 9 am am 9 am am
, patient radiation safety. am am
c. Because radiation- 9a m
induced cancer does not appear to have a fixed threshold, that is,a dose level below w hi
am am 9 am am 9am am 9 am am am am am am am am
ch a person would have no chance of developing this disease.
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d. Because radiation- 9a m
induced cancer does have a dose level at which individualswould have a chance
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of developing this disease.am a m am
ANS: C am
8. The cardinal principles of radiation protection include which ofthe following?
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a. Time
b. Distance
c. Shielding
d. All the options am am
ANS: D am
9. In a hospital setting, which of the following professionals is expressly charged bythe hospital
am am am am am am 9a m 9am 9am 9a m am 9a m 9am 9
admi nistration with being directly responsible for the execution, enforcement, and maintenan
am am 9 am am am am am am am 9
ce of t he ALARA program?
am am am am am
a. Assistant administrator ofthe facility am a m am
b. Chief of staff am am
c. Radiation Safety Officer am am
d. Student radiologic technologist 9 am
ANS: C am
10. Why is a question concerning the amount of radiation a patient will receive during aspecific
am am am am 9 9am am am am am am 9a m 9a m 9
x- ray procedure difficult to answer?
am am am am 9
1. Because the received dose is specified in anumber ofdifferent units ofmeasure.
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2. Because the scientific units for radiation dose are normally not comprehensible by apatient.
9am 9am am am am am 9 am am 9am 9a m am
3. Because the patient should not receive anyinformation about radiation dose.
9am 9am am am am am 9a m am 9a m
a. 1 and 2 only am am am
b. 1 and 3 only am am am
c. 2 and 3 only 9 am am
d. All the options am am
ANS: A am
11. X-rays area form of which ofthe following kinds of radiation?
am 9 am am 9am am am 9a m am am
a. Environmental
b. Ionizing
c. Internal
d. Nonionizing
ANS: B am
12. What unit is used to measure radiation exposure in the metric International System of Units?
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a. Coulomb perkilogram 9am
b. Milligray
c. Millisievert
d. Sievert
ANS: A am
13. What organization was founded in 2007 that continues their pursuit to raise awareness of thene
9 am am 9 9 am am am am am am am am am
ed for dose reduction protocols by promoting pediatric-
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specified scan protocols to be usedfor both radiology and non-radiology users of CT?
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a. U.S. Foodand Drug Administration am 9 am
