BIO 242 EVALUATION EXAM 2026 QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS GRADED A+
✔✔the secretion of vasopressin results in what change within the distal and collecting
tubular cells? - ✔✔increase of H2O permeability in tubular cells, resulting in water
reabsorption
✔✔the following are symptoms of acidosis - ✔✔1. coma
2. depressed central nervous system
3. cardiac abnormalities due to increased K+ concentrations
✔✔the following are NOT symptoms of acidosis - ✔✔muscle spasms (this is alkalosis)
✔✔what of the following is a compensation the body can implement as a response to
respiratory alkalosis - ✔✔1. chemical buffer systems
2. slowed ventilation
3. conservation of H+ by the kidney
4. all of the above (CORRECT ANSWER)
✔✔what is the main buffer system that is used intracellularly (within cells)? - ✔✔protein
✔✔the following are functions of the digestive system - ✔✔1. secretion of hormones
2. digestion
3. absorption
✔✔the following is NOT a function of the digestive system - ✔✔urination
✔✔the layer of the gastrointestinal tract wall responsible for movement of contents is
called - ✔✔muscularis externa
✔✔what is the name of the cells within the gastric pits of the stomach that secrete
pepsinogen? - ✔✔chief cells
✔✔select the pancreatic enzyme below that is reponsible for breaking down fats -
✔✔pancreatic ipase
✔✔collectively, the microvilli that line the interstinal epithelial cells are called - ✔✔brush
bord
✔✔the formation of micelles by bile salts is a process called - ✔✔fat emulsification
✔✔select the function of the liver below - ✔✔1. secretion of bile
2. detoxify drugs and harmful substances
3. processes nutrients absorbed by the small intestine
, 4. all of the above (CORRECT ANSWER)
✔✔bacterial fermentation within the large intestin converts chyme into feces, and also
__________ - ✔✔Releases vitamins K, B1, B2, B6, B12 and biotin
✔✔select the correct order of organs that food passes through from eating to defecation
in the gastrointestinal tract - ✔✔1. mouth
2. esophagus
3. stomach
4. small intestine
5. large intestine
✔✔the grooves and folds within the stomach are called - ✔✔rugae
✔✔what digestive organ is an exocrine organ and also an endocrine organ that
secretes insulin? - ✔✔the pancreas secretes bicarbonate into the stomach to neutralize
HCl
✔✔the concentration of what cation is highest in extracellular fluid (ECF) of a cell at
rest? - ✔✔Na+ (sodium)
✔✔the role of the sodium/ potassium pump includes - ✔✔1. establishment of K+ and
Na+ ion concentration gradients across the plasma membrane
2. regulation of cell volume
3. creating a potential energy source used in secondary active transport
4. all of the above (CORRECT ANSWER)
✔✔the sodium potassium pump is an example of primary active transport. Primary
active transport involves - ✔✔1. the use of ATP (energy)
2. energy stored in concentration gradients
✔✔a cell membrane is considered hyperpolarized when - ✔✔the membrane potential
becomes MORE negative than resting potential
✔✔an ion channel that responds to a change in membrane potential is called - ✔✔a
voltage-gated channel
✔✔graded potentials diminish as they spread along a membrane. this is called -
✔✔decremental spread
✔✔action potentials are used to transmit signals that travel - ✔✔long distances along
an axon
✔✔in the diatram, the line marked A indicates - ✔✔resting membrane potential
ANSWERS GRADED A+
✔✔the secretion of vasopressin results in what change within the distal and collecting
tubular cells? - ✔✔increase of H2O permeability in tubular cells, resulting in water
reabsorption
✔✔the following are symptoms of acidosis - ✔✔1. coma
2. depressed central nervous system
3. cardiac abnormalities due to increased K+ concentrations
✔✔the following are NOT symptoms of acidosis - ✔✔muscle spasms (this is alkalosis)
✔✔what of the following is a compensation the body can implement as a response to
respiratory alkalosis - ✔✔1. chemical buffer systems
2. slowed ventilation
3. conservation of H+ by the kidney
4. all of the above (CORRECT ANSWER)
✔✔what is the main buffer system that is used intracellularly (within cells)? - ✔✔protein
✔✔the following are functions of the digestive system - ✔✔1. secretion of hormones
2. digestion
3. absorption
✔✔the following is NOT a function of the digestive system - ✔✔urination
✔✔the layer of the gastrointestinal tract wall responsible for movement of contents is
called - ✔✔muscularis externa
✔✔what is the name of the cells within the gastric pits of the stomach that secrete
pepsinogen? - ✔✔chief cells
✔✔select the pancreatic enzyme below that is reponsible for breaking down fats -
✔✔pancreatic ipase
✔✔collectively, the microvilli that line the interstinal epithelial cells are called - ✔✔brush
bord
✔✔the formation of micelles by bile salts is a process called - ✔✔fat emulsification
✔✔select the function of the liver below - ✔✔1. secretion of bile
2. detoxify drugs and harmful substances
3. processes nutrients absorbed by the small intestine
, 4. all of the above (CORRECT ANSWER)
✔✔bacterial fermentation within the large intestin converts chyme into feces, and also
__________ - ✔✔Releases vitamins K, B1, B2, B6, B12 and biotin
✔✔select the correct order of organs that food passes through from eating to defecation
in the gastrointestinal tract - ✔✔1. mouth
2. esophagus
3. stomach
4. small intestine
5. large intestine
✔✔the grooves and folds within the stomach are called - ✔✔rugae
✔✔what digestive organ is an exocrine organ and also an endocrine organ that
secretes insulin? - ✔✔the pancreas secretes bicarbonate into the stomach to neutralize
HCl
✔✔the concentration of what cation is highest in extracellular fluid (ECF) of a cell at
rest? - ✔✔Na+ (sodium)
✔✔the role of the sodium/ potassium pump includes - ✔✔1. establishment of K+ and
Na+ ion concentration gradients across the plasma membrane
2. regulation of cell volume
3. creating a potential energy source used in secondary active transport
4. all of the above (CORRECT ANSWER)
✔✔the sodium potassium pump is an example of primary active transport. Primary
active transport involves - ✔✔1. the use of ATP (energy)
2. energy stored in concentration gradients
✔✔a cell membrane is considered hyperpolarized when - ✔✔the membrane potential
becomes MORE negative than resting potential
✔✔an ion channel that responds to a change in membrane potential is called - ✔✔a
voltage-gated channel
✔✔graded potentials diminish as they spread along a membrane. this is called -
✔✔decremental spread
✔✔action potentials are used to transmit signals that travel - ✔✔long distances along
an axon
✔✔in the diatram, the line marked A indicates - ✔✔resting membrane potential
