GMGT 2070 MIDTERM EXAM ACTUAL EXAM 340 QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS |ALREADY GRADED A+
Organization - ANSWER - a consciously coordinated social unit that:
- consists of two or more (group) of people
- functions on a relatively continuous basis
- seeks to achieve a common goal or set of goals
To qualify as an organization... - ANSWER - it does not matter how big or small
the entity is/ What matters is whether it consists of a group of people, functions on
a relatively continuous basis, and seeks to achieve common goals
Organizational Behaviour - ANSWER - A field of study that investigates the
impact that individuals, groups, and structure have on behaviour within
organizations
Importance of Organizational Behaviour - ANSWER - organizational behaviour is
everywhere and integrated into everyday business lives and programs.
- OB provides the fundamental guiding principles for human resources practices
(HR), which essentially deals with hiring, firing, as well as administration of
employees
- OB goes above and beyond these traditional organizational departments, such as
HR, accounting, marketing, by filling the gaps between those departments to
ensure that they work collaboratively toward the overachieving goal of the
organization
1
,Why do we study OB? - ANSWER - The purpose is to apply the knowledge of OB
toward improving organizational effectiveness, such as performance and employee
well-being.
- OB is about the things you care about; it helps people become a more engaged
organizational members (getting along w/others, getting a great job, lowering
stress levels, making effective decisions, working effectively in a team)
- organizations care about OB; organizations that care about their people are also
more profitable
- OB is for everyone: OB is relevant where people come together and share
experiences, work on goals, meet to solve problems
Four Building Blocks of OB - ANSWER - - psychology
- social psychology
- sociology
- anthropology
Psychology - ANSWER - a discipline that seeks to measure, explain, and
sometimes change the behaviour of humans and other animals
Social Psychology - ANSWER - generally considered a branch of psychology, but
goes beyond psychology by blending concepts from both psychology and
sociology to focus on people's influence on one another
Sociology - ANSWER - a discipline that studies people in relation to their social
environment or culture
2
,Anthropology - ANSWER - discipline that studies societies to teach about humans
and their activities
Roles of Different Building Blocks in OB - ANSWER - - psychology informs us of
the psychological mechanisms behind individual level phenomena in organizations
such as leadership and job satisfaction
- social psychology, sociology, and anthropology informs us of the mechanisms
behind how small or big collectives of people, such as teams and entire
organizations, function. Taken together, these four disciplines cover a wide range
of organizational phenomenon confronting managers, employees, and other
stakeholders alike.
How can we study OB? - ANSWER - OB is empirical in nature. That is, whatever
theory we propose in OB must be tested empirically to ensure its validity and
practical relevance
- the inherent connection between OB and psychology, social psychology,
sociology, and anthropology can be reflected in the types of methods that people
use to study OB
Four methodological categories in OB: - ANSWER - - field studies
- surveys
- lab experiments
- case studies
- meta-analyses
Field Studies - ANSWER - people adopt field studies for their research collect
primary (that is, first-hand) data on-site through techniques such as unobtrusive
observation of individuals and groups of individuals
3
, - for instance, if someone is interested in how lighting at work influences the
interactions among employees, one way they could study this would be to find an
organization where they could actually observe how employees with each other in
different lighting conditions
Surveys - ANSWER - people adopt the survey methodology for their research by
collecting primary data through questionnaires, which can hardcopy questionnaire
or online questionnaire. (Google Surveys, Survey Monkey)
what differentiates surveys from field studies is that for surveys, researchers need
not be on-site. For example, survey questionnaires can be mailed or emailed
directly to study objects
Lab Experiments - ANSWER - - correlation: statistical measure (expressed as a #)
that describes the size and direction of a relationship between two or more
variables. A correlation between variables, however, does not automatically mean
that the change in one variable is the cause of the change in the values of the other
variable
- causation: indicates that one event is the result of the occurrence of the other
event. For example, there is a causal relationship between the two events. This is
referred to as cause and effect.
Case Studies - ANSWER - for those who are interested in understanding a single
event, individuals, or teams thoroughly. Unlike other methods that seek to achieve
generalizable conclusions that can be used to understand other similar events,
individuals, or teams, case studies seek to understand the focal event, individual, or
team in much greater detail.
4
CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS |ALREADY GRADED A+
Organization - ANSWER - a consciously coordinated social unit that:
- consists of two or more (group) of people
- functions on a relatively continuous basis
- seeks to achieve a common goal or set of goals
To qualify as an organization... - ANSWER - it does not matter how big or small
the entity is/ What matters is whether it consists of a group of people, functions on
a relatively continuous basis, and seeks to achieve common goals
Organizational Behaviour - ANSWER - A field of study that investigates the
impact that individuals, groups, and structure have on behaviour within
organizations
Importance of Organizational Behaviour - ANSWER - organizational behaviour is
everywhere and integrated into everyday business lives and programs.
- OB provides the fundamental guiding principles for human resources practices
(HR), which essentially deals with hiring, firing, as well as administration of
employees
- OB goes above and beyond these traditional organizational departments, such as
HR, accounting, marketing, by filling the gaps between those departments to
ensure that they work collaboratively toward the overachieving goal of the
organization
1
,Why do we study OB? - ANSWER - The purpose is to apply the knowledge of OB
toward improving organizational effectiveness, such as performance and employee
well-being.
- OB is about the things you care about; it helps people become a more engaged
organizational members (getting along w/others, getting a great job, lowering
stress levels, making effective decisions, working effectively in a team)
- organizations care about OB; organizations that care about their people are also
more profitable
- OB is for everyone: OB is relevant where people come together and share
experiences, work on goals, meet to solve problems
Four Building Blocks of OB - ANSWER - - psychology
- social psychology
- sociology
- anthropology
Psychology - ANSWER - a discipline that seeks to measure, explain, and
sometimes change the behaviour of humans and other animals
Social Psychology - ANSWER - generally considered a branch of psychology, but
goes beyond psychology by blending concepts from both psychology and
sociology to focus on people's influence on one another
Sociology - ANSWER - a discipline that studies people in relation to their social
environment or culture
2
,Anthropology - ANSWER - discipline that studies societies to teach about humans
and their activities
Roles of Different Building Blocks in OB - ANSWER - - psychology informs us of
the psychological mechanisms behind individual level phenomena in organizations
such as leadership and job satisfaction
- social psychology, sociology, and anthropology informs us of the mechanisms
behind how small or big collectives of people, such as teams and entire
organizations, function. Taken together, these four disciplines cover a wide range
of organizational phenomenon confronting managers, employees, and other
stakeholders alike.
How can we study OB? - ANSWER - OB is empirical in nature. That is, whatever
theory we propose in OB must be tested empirically to ensure its validity and
practical relevance
- the inherent connection between OB and psychology, social psychology,
sociology, and anthropology can be reflected in the types of methods that people
use to study OB
Four methodological categories in OB: - ANSWER - - field studies
- surveys
- lab experiments
- case studies
- meta-analyses
Field Studies - ANSWER - people adopt field studies for their research collect
primary (that is, first-hand) data on-site through techniques such as unobtrusive
observation of individuals and groups of individuals
3
, - for instance, if someone is interested in how lighting at work influences the
interactions among employees, one way they could study this would be to find an
organization where they could actually observe how employees with each other in
different lighting conditions
Surveys - ANSWER - people adopt the survey methodology for their research by
collecting primary data through questionnaires, which can hardcopy questionnaire
or online questionnaire. (Google Surveys, Survey Monkey)
what differentiates surveys from field studies is that for surveys, researchers need
not be on-site. For example, survey questionnaires can be mailed or emailed
directly to study objects
Lab Experiments - ANSWER - - correlation: statistical measure (expressed as a #)
that describes the size and direction of a relationship between two or more
variables. A correlation between variables, however, does not automatically mean
that the change in one variable is the cause of the change in the values of the other
variable
- causation: indicates that one event is the result of the occurrence of the other
event. For example, there is a causal relationship between the two events. This is
referred to as cause and effect.
Case Studies - ANSWER - for those who are interested in understanding a single
event, individuals, or teams thoroughly. Unlike other methods that seek to achieve
generalizable conclusions that can be used to understand other similar events,
individuals, or teams, case studies seek to understand the focal event, individual, or
team in much greater detail.
4
