EXAM 2026| ACTUAL EXAM QUESTIONS WITH
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Accommodation A style of dealing with conflict involving
cooperation on behalf of the other party but not
being assertive about one's own interests
Accountability The expectation that employees will perform a job,
take corrective action when necessary, and report
upward on the status and quality of their
performance
Accounting audits Procedures used to verify accounting reports and
statements
Acquisition One firm buying another
,Activity-based costing (ABC) A method of cost accounting designed to identify
streams of activity and then to allocate costs
across particular business processes according to
the amount of time employees devote to particular
activities
Adapters Companies that take the current industry structure
and its evolution as givens, and choose where to
compete
Adverse impact When a seemingly neutral employment practice
has a disproportionately negative effect on a
protected group
Advertising support model Charging fees to advertise on a site
Affective conflict Emotional disagreement directed toward other
people
Affiliate model Charging fees to direct site visitors to other
companies' sites
Affirmative action Special efforts to recruit and hire qualified
members of groups that have been discriminated
against in the past
After-action review A frank and open-minded discussion of four basic
questions aimed at continuous improvement
Alderfer's ERG theory A human needs theory postulating that people
have three basic sets of needs that can operate
simultaneously (Existence, Relatedness and
Growth)
,Arbitration The use of a neutral third party to resolve a labor
dispute
Assessment center A managerial performance test in which candidates
participate in a variety of exercises and situations
Assets The values of the various items the corporation
owns
Authentic leadership A style in which the leader is true to himself or
herself while leading
Authority The legitimate right to make decisions and to tell
other people what to do
Autocratic leadership A form of leadership in which the leader makes
decisions on his or her own and then announces
those decisions to the group
Autonomous work groups Groups that control decisions about and execution
of a complete range of tasks
Avoidance A reaction to conflict that involves ignoring the
problem by doing nothing at all or deemphasizing
the disagreement
Balanced scorecard Control system combining four sets of
performance measures: financial, customer,
business process, and learning and growth
Balance sheet A report that shows the financial picture of a
company at a given time and itemizes assets,
liabilities, and stockholders' equity
, Barriers to entry Conditions that prevent new companies from
entering an industry
Behavioral approach A leadership perspective that attempts to identify
what good leaders do—that is, what behaviors they
exhibit
Benchmarking The process of comparing an organization's
practices and technologies with those of other
companies
Bootlegging Informal work on projects, other than those
officially assigned, of employees' own choosing
and initiative
Boundaryless organization Organization in which there are no barriers to
information flow
Boundary-spanning Interacting with people in other groups, thus
creating linkages between groups
Bounded rationality A less-than-perfect form of rationality in which
decision makers cannot be perfectly rational
because decisions are complex and complete
information is unavailable or cannot be fully
processed
Brainstorming A process in which group members generate as
many ideas about a problem as they can; criticism
is withheld until all ideas have been proposed
Broker A person who assembles and coordinates
participants in a network