PATHOLOGY MCQs
1. An example of a tissue or organ composed of Permanent Parenchymal cells is:
a) Liver
b) Bone Marrow
c) Small Intestinal Mucosa
d) Heart
e) Renal Tubules
2. The type of necrosis that occurs in Peripancreatic tissue in Acute Pancreatitis is:
a) Liquefaction
b) Fat
c) Coagulation
d) Gummatous
e) Fibrinoid
3. Change of Columnar Epithelium of the Bronchi into Mature Squamous Epithelium is called:
a) Metaplasia
b) Dysplasia
c) Hyperplasia
d) Neoplasia
e) Hypertrophy
4. Metastatic Calcification:
a) Is due to hypercalcemia
b) Is due to hypocalcemia
c) Occurs in Necrotic Tissue
d) Occurs at sites of Chronic Inflammation
e) Is due to malignancy
5. Which of the following is a feature of Irreversible Cell Injury:
a) Glycogen stores are depleted
b) Cytoplasmic sodium increases
c) Nuclei undergo karyorrhexis
d) Intracellular pH diminishes
e) Blebs form on cell membranes
6. Which of the following processes that occur in the breast allows a mother to feed the infant:
a) Stromal hypertrophy
b) Epithelial dysplasia
c) Steatocyte atrophy
d) Ductul epithelial metaplasia
e) Lobular hyperplasia
7. An Amputated lower limb from a diabetic patient showing black discoloration of the skin and soft
tissues with areas of yellowish exudates is characterized as:
a) Neoplasia
b) Gangrenous Necrosis
c) Coagulopathy
d) Hemosiderosis
e) Gas gangrene
8. Focal fat necrosis, with flecks of chalky tan-white material seen in the omentum is most often
associated with the following:
, a) Gangrenous appendicitis
b) Chronic salpingitis
c) Acute pancreatitis
d) Hepatitis
e) Acute gastritis
9. In a 60 year old male, Gangrene of toes is most likely associated with:
a) Diabetes Mellitus
b) Heart Failure
c) Blunt force trauma
d) AIDS
e) Type III hypersensitivity reaction
10. The presence of Columnar Epithelium with Goblet cells in the Lower Oesophagus is most
consistent with:
a) Dysplasia
b) Hyperplasia
c) Carcinoma
d) Ischaemia
e) Metaplasia
11. Which of the following processes explain the appearance of Calcium deposition in Tuberculous
Lymph Nodes:
a) Dystrophic calcification
b) Apoptosis
c) Hypercalcaemia
d) Metastatic calcification
e) Neoplastic change
12. Lipofuscin deposition is most likely to result from:
a) Nuclear pyknosis
b) Myocardial fiber hypertrophy
c) Coagulative necrosis
d) Autophagocytosis
e) Anaerobic glycolysis
13. Which of the following cellular changes is most likely to present irreversible cellular injury:
a) Epithelial dysplasia
b) Cytoplasmic fatty metamorphosis
c) Nuclear pyknosis
d) Atrophy
e) Anaerobic Glycolysis
14. Which of the following is an Anti-Oxidant:
a) Glutathione Peroxidase
b) Catalase
c) Hydrogen peroxide
d) NADPH oxidase
e) Myeloperoxidase
15. Which of the following is the most likely pathologic alteration following occlusion of the left middle
cerebral artery by a sterile thrombus:
a) Cerebral softening from liquefactive necrosis
b) Pale infarction with coagulative necrosis
c) Predominantly the loss of glial cells
d) Recovery of damaged neurons if the vascular supply is re-established
e) Wet gangrene with secondary bacterial infection
16. The action of putrefactive bacteria on necrotic tissue results in:
, a) Coagulation
b) Infarction
c) Gangrene
d) Embolism
e) Caseation
17. Which of the following type of necrosis is most commonly associated with ischaemic injury:
a) Coagulation Necrosis
b) Liquefaction Necrosis
c) Caseous Necrosis
d) Fat Necrosis
e) Gangrenous Necrosis
18. Enzymes involved in the inactivation of free radicals include:
a) Superoxide dismutase
b) Vitamin E
c) Both A and B
d) Neither A nor B
e) a-antitrypsin
19. Hepatocytes are an example of:
a) Permenant cells
b) Stable cells
c) Labile cells
d) Metaplasia
e) Mesenchymal cells
20. Calcium may play a role in cell injury by:
a) Causing ATP depletion
b) Activating phospholipases
c) Inducing autophagocytosis
d) Regulating pyknosis
e) Reducing intracellular pH
21. A common manifestation of sublethal cell injury (reversible injury) in organs such as the heart and
liver is:
a) Glycogen accumulation
b) Fatty change
c) Calcium deposition
d) Apoptosis
e) Deposition of melanin
22. An area of keratinizing squamous epithelium lining a major bronchus is an example of:
a) Heterotopia
b) Metaplasia
c) Dysplasia
d) Atrophy
e) Neoplasia
23. The enzymes responsible for liquefaction in an abscess are derived mainly from:
a) Tissue
b) Serum
c) Lymph
d) Neutrophils
e) Lymphocytes
24. Each of the following is an example of hyperplasia except:
a) Enlargement of one kidney after surgical removal of the other kidney
, b) Changes in the thyroid gland in response to increased demand for thyroid
hormones
c) Changes in breast tissue during pregnancy
d) Enlargement of lymph nodes during a viral infection
e) Enlargement of skeletal muscles after weight training
25. Select the wrong statement. Apoptosis:
a) Occurs in singles cells or in small cluster of cells
b) Is programmed cell death
c) Is seen in toxic or viral hepatitis
d) Appears cheesy in appearance
e) Does not elicit an inflammatory reaction
26. Intracellular system(s) sensitive to cell injury is/are:
a) Aerobic respiration
b) Maintenance of the integrity of cell membrane
c) Synthesis of protein
d) Integrity of genetic apparatus
e) All of the above
27. Which of the following can undergo apoptosis:
a) Cells infected with virus
b) Cells with DNA damage
c) Increased oxidant within the cell
d) None of the above
e) All of the above
28. Apoptosis:
a) Massive necrosis
b) Foreign body phagocytosis
c) Lipoprotein synthesis
d) Programmed cell death
e) Wet gangrene
29. Enzymes involved in the inactivation of free radicals include:
a) Superoxide dismutase
b) Vitamin E
c) Both A an B
d) Neither A nor B
e) a-antitrypsin
30. The following is true about hyperplasia except:
a) Can be physiological
b) Is a precancerous condition
c) Is reversible
d) Is due to excess hormone stimulation
e) Can be associated with hypertrophy
31. Early clumping of nuclear chromatin is most closely associated with:
a) Reduced intracellular pH
b) Increased intracellular pH
c) Denatured proteins and RNA loss
d) Decreased DNA synthesis
e) Release of lysosomal enzymes
40. Digestion of tissue with soap formation and calcification is characteristic of:
a) Coagulation Necrosis
1. An example of a tissue or organ composed of Permanent Parenchymal cells is:
a) Liver
b) Bone Marrow
c) Small Intestinal Mucosa
d) Heart
e) Renal Tubules
2. The type of necrosis that occurs in Peripancreatic tissue in Acute Pancreatitis is:
a) Liquefaction
b) Fat
c) Coagulation
d) Gummatous
e) Fibrinoid
3. Change of Columnar Epithelium of the Bronchi into Mature Squamous Epithelium is called:
a) Metaplasia
b) Dysplasia
c) Hyperplasia
d) Neoplasia
e) Hypertrophy
4. Metastatic Calcification:
a) Is due to hypercalcemia
b) Is due to hypocalcemia
c) Occurs in Necrotic Tissue
d) Occurs at sites of Chronic Inflammation
e) Is due to malignancy
5. Which of the following is a feature of Irreversible Cell Injury:
a) Glycogen stores are depleted
b) Cytoplasmic sodium increases
c) Nuclei undergo karyorrhexis
d) Intracellular pH diminishes
e) Blebs form on cell membranes
6. Which of the following processes that occur in the breast allows a mother to feed the infant:
a) Stromal hypertrophy
b) Epithelial dysplasia
c) Steatocyte atrophy
d) Ductul epithelial metaplasia
e) Lobular hyperplasia
7. An Amputated lower limb from a diabetic patient showing black discoloration of the skin and soft
tissues with areas of yellowish exudates is characterized as:
a) Neoplasia
b) Gangrenous Necrosis
c) Coagulopathy
d) Hemosiderosis
e) Gas gangrene
8. Focal fat necrosis, with flecks of chalky tan-white material seen in the omentum is most often
associated with the following:
, a) Gangrenous appendicitis
b) Chronic salpingitis
c) Acute pancreatitis
d) Hepatitis
e) Acute gastritis
9. In a 60 year old male, Gangrene of toes is most likely associated with:
a) Diabetes Mellitus
b) Heart Failure
c) Blunt force trauma
d) AIDS
e) Type III hypersensitivity reaction
10. The presence of Columnar Epithelium with Goblet cells in the Lower Oesophagus is most
consistent with:
a) Dysplasia
b) Hyperplasia
c) Carcinoma
d) Ischaemia
e) Metaplasia
11. Which of the following processes explain the appearance of Calcium deposition in Tuberculous
Lymph Nodes:
a) Dystrophic calcification
b) Apoptosis
c) Hypercalcaemia
d) Metastatic calcification
e) Neoplastic change
12. Lipofuscin deposition is most likely to result from:
a) Nuclear pyknosis
b) Myocardial fiber hypertrophy
c) Coagulative necrosis
d) Autophagocytosis
e) Anaerobic glycolysis
13. Which of the following cellular changes is most likely to present irreversible cellular injury:
a) Epithelial dysplasia
b) Cytoplasmic fatty metamorphosis
c) Nuclear pyknosis
d) Atrophy
e) Anaerobic Glycolysis
14. Which of the following is an Anti-Oxidant:
a) Glutathione Peroxidase
b) Catalase
c) Hydrogen peroxide
d) NADPH oxidase
e) Myeloperoxidase
15. Which of the following is the most likely pathologic alteration following occlusion of the left middle
cerebral artery by a sterile thrombus:
a) Cerebral softening from liquefactive necrosis
b) Pale infarction with coagulative necrosis
c) Predominantly the loss of glial cells
d) Recovery of damaged neurons if the vascular supply is re-established
e) Wet gangrene with secondary bacterial infection
16. The action of putrefactive bacteria on necrotic tissue results in:
, a) Coagulation
b) Infarction
c) Gangrene
d) Embolism
e) Caseation
17. Which of the following type of necrosis is most commonly associated with ischaemic injury:
a) Coagulation Necrosis
b) Liquefaction Necrosis
c) Caseous Necrosis
d) Fat Necrosis
e) Gangrenous Necrosis
18. Enzymes involved in the inactivation of free radicals include:
a) Superoxide dismutase
b) Vitamin E
c) Both A and B
d) Neither A nor B
e) a-antitrypsin
19. Hepatocytes are an example of:
a) Permenant cells
b) Stable cells
c) Labile cells
d) Metaplasia
e) Mesenchymal cells
20. Calcium may play a role in cell injury by:
a) Causing ATP depletion
b) Activating phospholipases
c) Inducing autophagocytosis
d) Regulating pyknosis
e) Reducing intracellular pH
21. A common manifestation of sublethal cell injury (reversible injury) in organs such as the heart and
liver is:
a) Glycogen accumulation
b) Fatty change
c) Calcium deposition
d) Apoptosis
e) Deposition of melanin
22. An area of keratinizing squamous epithelium lining a major bronchus is an example of:
a) Heterotopia
b) Metaplasia
c) Dysplasia
d) Atrophy
e) Neoplasia
23. The enzymes responsible for liquefaction in an abscess are derived mainly from:
a) Tissue
b) Serum
c) Lymph
d) Neutrophils
e) Lymphocytes
24. Each of the following is an example of hyperplasia except:
a) Enlargement of one kidney after surgical removal of the other kidney
, b) Changes in the thyroid gland in response to increased demand for thyroid
hormones
c) Changes in breast tissue during pregnancy
d) Enlargement of lymph nodes during a viral infection
e) Enlargement of skeletal muscles after weight training
25. Select the wrong statement. Apoptosis:
a) Occurs in singles cells or in small cluster of cells
b) Is programmed cell death
c) Is seen in toxic or viral hepatitis
d) Appears cheesy in appearance
e) Does not elicit an inflammatory reaction
26. Intracellular system(s) sensitive to cell injury is/are:
a) Aerobic respiration
b) Maintenance of the integrity of cell membrane
c) Synthesis of protein
d) Integrity of genetic apparatus
e) All of the above
27. Which of the following can undergo apoptosis:
a) Cells infected with virus
b) Cells with DNA damage
c) Increased oxidant within the cell
d) None of the above
e) All of the above
28. Apoptosis:
a) Massive necrosis
b) Foreign body phagocytosis
c) Lipoprotein synthesis
d) Programmed cell death
e) Wet gangrene
29. Enzymes involved in the inactivation of free radicals include:
a) Superoxide dismutase
b) Vitamin E
c) Both A an B
d) Neither A nor B
e) a-antitrypsin
30. The following is true about hyperplasia except:
a) Can be physiological
b) Is a precancerous condition
c) Is reversible
d) Is due to excess hormone stimulation
e) Can be associated with hypertrophy
31. Early clumping of nuclear chromatin is most closely associated with:
a) Reduced intracellular pH
b) Increased intracellular pH
c) Denatured proteins and RNA loss
d) Decreased DNA synthesis
e) Release of lysosomal enzymes
40. Digestion of tissue with soap formation and calcification is characteristic of:
a) Coagulation Necrosis
