AQA AS PSYCHOLOGY 7181 2 PAPER 2
ACTUAL EXAM PAPER 2026 QUESTIONS WITH
SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
◉ Introspection. Answer: Person Gains knowledge about their
mental state by examining their conscious thoughts and feelings
◉ Empiricism. Answer: Knowledge is derived from sensory
experience, characterised by the use of the scientific method
◉ Scientific Method. Answer: The investigative methods that are:
- Objective
- Systematic
- Reliable
◉ Evaluation of Wundt. Answer: - methods were unreliable as it
relied on non-observable
- Introspection is not accurate because people are often unaware of
are behaviours
◉ Evaluation of the Scientific Approach. Answer: - its objective and
systematic
,- Rely on determinism
- Self corrective
- Create non-naturalistic environments
- Human behaviour is not always observable to the rules of science
◉ Classical Conditioning. Answer: Pavlov - When a neutral stimulus
is consistently paired with an unconditional stimulus so that it takes
on the properties on the stimulus and is able to produced a
conditioned response
◉ Classical Conditioning steps. Answer: UCS -> UCR
NS -> No Response
UCS+NS -> UCR
CS -> CR
◉ Features of CC. Answer: - If time interval is too great between
conditioning it does not work
- CR will become extinct in the absence of the UCS after a while
- If extinct and paired again they pair more quickly (Spontaneous
Recovery)
,- Stimulus generalisation, CR is created to things similar to CS
◉ Operant Conditioning. Answer: Skinner - Learning through
reinforcement or punishment, a behaviour is more likely if followed
by a desirable concequence
◉ Positive Reinforcement. Answer: Behaviour Produces a response
that is desirable
◉ Negative Reinforcement. Answer: Doing something to stop
unpleasant response
◉ Reinforcement. Answer: Strengthening a response
◉ Punishment. Answer: An unpleasant consequence following a
behaviour
◉ Features of Classical Conditioning. Answer: - Scheduling
reinforcement makes it stronger
- Punishment
◉ Evaluation of Classical Conditioning. Answer: - Applications in
treatment of phobias
, - Animal Research cannot be generalised to humans because they
have different needs to learn
◉ Evaluation of Operant Conditioning. Answer: - Use of
experimental method
- Animal Research cannot be generalised to humans
◉ Modelling. Answer: Individuals learn behaviour be observing
others
◉ Imitation. Answer: Copying a models behaviour
◉ Identification. Answer: Individual adopts attitudes and
behaviours of a model because they want to be like them
◉ Vicarious Reinforcement. Answer: Individuals learn about the
likely consequences by observing a model's experiences and adjust
their behaviour to obtain the same experience
◉ The Role of the meditational Processes. Answer: Observer forms a
mental representation pf the behaviour displayed of the model and
the probable consequences it will also happen to them
ACTUAL EXAM PAPER 2026 QUESTIONS WITH
SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
◉ Introspection. Answer: Person Gains knowledge about their
mental state by examining their conscious thoughts and feelings
◉ Empiricism. Answer: Knowledge is derived from sensory
experience, characterised by the use of the scientific method
◉ Scientific Method. Answer: The investigative methods that are:
- Objective
- Systematic
- Reliable
◉ Evaluation of Wundt. Answer: - methods were unreliable as it
relied on non-observable
- Introspection is not accurate because people are often unaware of
are behaviours
◉ Evaluation of the Scientific Approach. Answer: - its objective and
systematic
,- Rely on determinism
- Self corrective
- Create non-naturalistic environments
- Human behaviour is not always observable to the rules of science
◉ Classical Conditioning. Answer: Pavlov - When a neutral stimulus
is consistently paired with an unconditional stimulus so that it takes
on the properties on the stimulus and is able to produced a
conditioned response
◉ Classical Conditioning steps. Answer: UCS -> UCR
NS -> No Response
UCS+NS -> UCR
CS -> CR
◉ Features of CC. Answer: - If time interval is too great between
conditioning it does not work
- CR will become extinct in the absence of the UCS after a while
- If extinct and paired again they pair more quickly (Spontaneous
Recovery)
,- Stimulus generalisation, CR is created to things similar to CS
◉ Operant Conditioning. Answer: Skinner - Learning through
reinforcement or punishment, a behaviour is more likely if followed
by a desirable concequence
◉ Positive Reinforcement. Answer: Behaviour Produces a response
that is desirable
◉ Negative Reinforcement. Answer: Doing something to stop
unpleasant response
◉ Reinforcement. Answer: Strengthening a response
◉ Punishment. Answer: An unpleasant consequence following a
behaviour
◉ Features of Classical Conditioning. Answer: - Scheduling
reinforcement makes it stronger
- Punishment
◉ Evaluation of Classical Conditioning. Answer: - Applications in
treatment of phobias
, - Animal Research cannot be generalised to humans because they
have different needs to learn
◉ Evaluation of Operant Conditioning. Answer: - Use of
experimental method
- Animal Research cannot be generalised to humans
◉ Modelling. Answer: Individuals learn behaviour be observing
others
◉ Imitation. Answer: Copying a models behaviour
◉ Identification. Answer: Individual adopts attitudes and
behaviours of a model because they want to be like them
◉ Vicarious Reinforcement. Answer: Individuals learn about the
likely consequences by observing a model's experiences and adjust
their behaviour to obtain the same experience
◉ The Role of the meditational Processes. Answer: Observer forms a
mental representation pf the behaviour displayed of the model and
the probable consequences it will also happen to them
