PSY 1001 Exam 2 UMN 1 QUESTIONS AND
ACCURATE SOLUTIONS
What is the modal model of memory?
The idea that memory is split into 3 parts; sensory, long term, and short term
What is sensory memory, and what is it's capacity, duration, and function?
- Essentially scenic memory, allowing us to observe surrounds a bit at a time
- Capacity is what we can see or hear
- Duration is .5-3 seconds
- Allows us to observe the outside world
How did the Sperling study measure the duration and capacity of sensory memory?
Sperling studied subliminal messages to find how long our sensory memory is even if we don't
perceive it - lots to take in!
What are echoic and iconic memory? What is the duration of each of these?
- both are flavors of sensory memory
- Iconic - what we can see, also called scenic memory
- Echoic - what we can hear
- Each lasts anywhere from .5-3 seconds, but more if transferred to short term memory
What are attention, rehearsal, encoding and retrieval?
- Attention - how much brainpower we give a stimulus
- Rehearsal - maintaining information in working memory
,- Encoding is the storage of memory by thinking about meaning - STM ---> LTM
- Retrieval is the act of recovering memory from LTM
What is Short-term memory? What is its capacity, duration and function?
- STM is when we give attention to sensory memory
- Lasts about 10-15 seconds unless we rehearse or make meaning out of it
- 7 +- 2 chunks is max capacity
- Serves as the gap between LTM and sensory, does conscious work
What is chunking?
Giving meaning to certain items, greatly expands the 7+-2 chunk rule. Ex. If you wanted to
memorize the number sequence 9021055414 you could think "Beverly hills - Minneapolis"
What is the magic number?
7 +- 2 chunks
How did Peterson and Peterson study the duration of short-term memory?
They used random, 3-letter sequences and counting backwards to prevent rehearsal, essentially
keeping the fresh information in STM.
What is Long-term memory? What are its capacity, duration and function?
- LTM is when we give meaning to items, making them extremely permanent in our minds
- Capacity is endless
- Duration is endless
- Function is to tie the past to the present
, What kinds of memory are typical of each different kind [of LTM]?
- LTM is divided into two groups - Explicit (when we actively have to search for a memory) and
Implicit (when prior knowledge is remembered without effort)
- Explicit memory is divided into Episodic (detailed stories, like a show) and Semantic (factual
recall)
- Procedural memory is a division of implicit - we don't have to think about things if we do them
enough (driving or writing)
Who is Clive Wearing? What kinds of things could he remember and what kinds of things
could he not remember as a result of his brain injury? What do these deficits and
retentions indicate about memory?
Wearing's hippocampus was damaged, leading to severe anterograde amnesia, where he couldn't
make new memories from his present experiences. He could remember everything before his
damage, but nothing was relevant after.
- This indicates that the hippocampus is responsible for explicit, but not implicit memory.
What is the serial position effect?
The tendency to recall the first and last items in a list more frequently than the other items.
What is recency?
The ability to recall the last items in a list more frequently
What is primacy?
The ability to recall the first items in a list more frequently
What are the different kinds of long-term memory?
ACCURATE SOLUTIONS
What is the modal model of memory?
The idea that memory is split into 3 parts; sensory, long term, and short term
What is sensory memory, and what is it's capacity, duration, and function?
- Essentially scenic memory, allowing us to observe surrounds a bit at a time
- Capacity is what we can see or hear
- Duration is .5-3 seconds
- Allows us to observe the outside world
How did the Sperling study measure the duration and capacity of sensory memory?
Sperling studied subliminal messages to find how long our sensory memory is even if we don't
perceive it - lots to take in!
What are echoic and iconic memory? What is the duration of each of these?
- both are flavors of sensory memory
- Iconic - what we can see, also called scenic memory
- Echoic - what we can hear
- Each lasts anywhere from .5-3 seconds, but more if transferred to short term memory
What are attention, rehearsal, encoding and retrieval?
- Attention - how much brainpower we give a stimulus
- Rehearsal - maintaining information in working memory
,- Encoding is the storage of memory by thinking about meaning - STM ---> LTM
- Retrieval is the act of recovering memory from LTM
What is Short-term memory? What is its capacity, duration and function?
- STM is when we give attention to sensory memory
- Lasts about 10-15 seconds unless we rehearse or make meaning out of it
- 7 +- 2 chunks is max capacity
- Serves as the gap between LTM and sensory, does conscious work
What is chunking?
Giving meaning to certain items, greatly expands the 7+-2 chunk rule. Ex. If you wanted to
memorize the number sequence 9021055414 you could think "Beverly hills - Minneapolis"
What is the magic number?
7 +- 2 chunks
How did Peterson and Peterson study the duration of short-term memory?
They used random, 3-letter sequences and counting backwards to prevent rehearsal, essentially
keeping the fresh information in STM.
What is Long-term memory? What are its capacity, duration and function?
- LTM is when we give meaning to items, making them extremely permanent in our minds
- Capacity is endless
- Duration is endless
- Function is to tie the past to the present
, What kinds of memory are typical of each different kind [of LTM]?
- LTM is divided into two groups - Explicit (when we actively have to search for a memory) and
Implicit (when prior knowledge is remembered without effort)
- Explicit memory is divided into Episodic (detailed stories, like a show) and Semantic (factual
recall)
- Procedural memory is a division of implicit - we don't have to think about things if we do them
enough (driving or writing)
Who is Clive Wearing? What kinds of things could he remember and what kinds of things
could he not remember as a result of his brain injury? What do these deficits and
retentions indicate about memory?
Wearing's hippocampus was damaged, leading to severe anterograde amnesia, where he couldn't
make new memories from his present experiences. He could remember everything before his
damage, but nothing was relevant after.
- This indicates that the hippocampus is responsible for explicit, but not implicit memory.
What is the serial position effect?
The tendency to recall the first and last items in a list more frequently than the other items.
What is recency?
The ability to recall the last items in a list more frequently
What is primacy?
The ability to recall the first items in a list more frequently
What are the different kinds of long-term memory?
