UMN PSY 1001 Final Exam QUESTIONS AND
ACCURATE SOLUTIONS
ways of knowing
rationalism, tradition/authority, intuition and empiricism
What is data-land?
observations, material objects, behavior, operational definitions
What is theory-land?
ideas, hypothesis, concepts and theories
What is a psychological construct?
how we account for behavior
operational definition
used to define something in terms of process needed to determine existence, duration and
quantity
traditions of psychology
Experimental, differential and clinical/therapeutic
William Wundt
(Who? What?)
founder of structuralism, interested in consciousness
,William James
(Who? What?)
founder of functionalism, wanted to find
Structuralism
uses introspection to identify "structures" of experience, emphasis on importance of systematic
observation to study of conscious experience
Functionalism
understand the functions of our thoughts, feelings and behaviors
Ivan Pavlov
(Type of Psychology and it's core assumptions)
Behaviorism, uncover the principles of learning that explain behavior
JB Watson
(Type of Psychology and it's core assumptions)
Behaviorism, uncover the principles of learning that explain behavior
BF Skinner
(Type of Psychology and it's core assumptions)
Behaviorism, uncover the principles of learning that explain behavior
Jean Piaget
(Type of Psychology and it's core assumptions)
Cognitivism, examine the role of mental processes on behavior
,Francis Galton and Alfred Binet
(Type of Psychology and it's core assumptions)
Intelligence
Sigmund Freud
(Type of Psychology and it's core assumptions)
Psychoanalysis, uncover the role of unconscious psychological and early life experiences in
behavior
Confirmation Bias
the tendency to seek out evidence that supports our beliefs and deny dismiss or distort other
evidence
Belief Perseverance
tendency to stick to our initial beliefs even when evidence contradicts them
Six Principles of Scientific Thinking
Ruling out rival hypotheses, correlation versus causation, falsifiability, replicability,
extraordinary claims and Occam's Razor
Descriptive approach
describing the world as it is
Correlational Methods
uses statistics to explore
, Confounds
a factor that might effect the outcome of an experiment after
Experimenter expectancy effect
researcher's hypothesis lead them to unintentionally bias a study's outcome
double-blind research design
neither the administrator nor the participant know the true meaning of the experiment
Measures of central tendency
mean, median, mode
standard deviation
takes into account the highest and lowest scores
normal curve
normal distribution that many human attributes and behaviors, when measured take
descriptive statistics
used to describe data
Inferential statistics
used to determine how much we can generalize findings from our sample to the full population
Statistical significance
measure of if the statistics are actually useable
ACCURATE SOLUTIONS
ways of knowing
rationalism, tradition/authority, intuition and empiricism
What is data-land?
observations, material objects, behavior, operational definitions
What is theory-land?
ideas, hypothesis, concepts and theories
What is a psychological construct?
how we account for behavior
operational definition
used to define something in terms of process needed to determine existence, duration and
quantity
traditions of psychology
Experimental, differential and clinical/therapeutic
William Wundt
(Who? What?)
founder of structuralism, interested in consciousness
,William James
(Who? What?)
founder of functionalism, wanted to find
Structuralism
uses introspection to identify "structures" of experience, emphasis on importance of systematic
observation to study of conscious experience
Functionalism
understand the functions of our thoughts, feelings and behaviors
Ivan Pavlov
(Type of Psychology and it's core assumptions)
Behaviorism, uncover the principles of learning that explain behavior
JB Watson
(Type of Psychology and it's core assumptions)
Behaviorism, uncover the principles of learning that explain behavior
BF Skinner
(Type of Psychology and it's core assumptions)
Behaviorism, uncover the principles of learning that explain behavior
Jean Piaget
(Type of Psychology and it's core assumptions)
Cognitivism, examine the role of mental processes on behavior
,Francis Galton and Alfred Binet
(Type of Psychology and it's core assumptions)
Intelligence
Sigmund Freud
(Type of Psychology and it's core assumptions)
Psychoanalysis, uncover the role of unconscious psychological and early life experiences in
behavior
Confirmation Bias
the tendency to seek out evidence that supports our beliefs and deny dismiss or distort other
evidence
Belief Perseverance
tendency to stick to our initial beliefs even when evidence contradicts them
Six Principles of Scientific Thinking
Ruling out rival hypotheses, correlation versus causation, falsifiability, replicability,
extraordinary claims and Occam's Razor
Descriptive approach
describing the world as it is
Correlational Methods
uses statistics to explore
, Confounds
a factor that might effect the outcome of an experiment after
Experimenter expectancy effect
researcher's hypothesis lead them to unintentionally bias a study's outcome
double-blind research design
neither the administrator nor the participant know the true meaning of the experiment
Measures of central tendency
mean, median, mode
standard deviation
takes into account the highest and lowest scores
normal curve
normal distribution that many human attributes and behaviors, when measured take
descriptive statistics
used to describe data
Inferential statistics
used to determine how much we can generalize findings from our sample to the full population
Statistical significance
measure of if the statistics are actually useable
