RADIOLOGY PHYSICS EVALUATION EXAM 2026/2027
QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS RATED A+
✔✔Which letter is associated with the electron shell closest to the nucleus? - ✔✔K
✔✔What is the maximum number of electrons that can occupy the K shell? - ✔✔2
✔✔What is the maximum number of electrons that can occupy the L shell? - ✔✔8
✔✔What is the formula used to calculate the maximum number of electrons for each
shell? - ✔✔electron limit= 2n(squared)
✔✔All ionizing radiation can be classified into only 2 categories - ✔✔particulate (alpha
and beta)
electromagnetic (x-ray and gamma ray)
✔✔What is the definition of amplitude? - ✔✔1/2 the range from crest to valley
✔✔What is the velocity of a photon? - ✔✔the speed of light
c= 186,000 miles per second
✔✔What is the definition of frequency? - ✔✔the number of cycles or oscillations per
second
measured in Hertz
✔✔What is the definition of wavelength? - ✔✔the distance from one crest to another
✔✔What is the relationship between frequency and wavelength? - ✔✔inverse
As frequency increases, wavelength decreases
✔✔Provide the inverse square law formula - ✔✔Intensity 1 / Intensity 2 = Distance 2
squared / distance 1 squared
✔✔What are the three ranges of radiation which make up the electromagnetic
spectrum? - ✔✔visible light, radiofrequency, x-radiation
✔✔What is the definition of attenuation? - ✔✔The loss of energy in the beam as it
passes through matter, due to absorption and scatter
✔✔Structures that absorb x-rays are - ✔✔radiopaque
✔✔Structures that attenuate or partially absorb x-rays are - ✔✔radiolucent
✔✔What is the electric charge of a proton? - ✔✔positive
, ✔✔What is the electric charge of an electron? - ✔✔negative
✔✔What is the electric charge of a neutron? - ✔✔no charge
✔✔What is the formula for Ohm's Law? - ✔✔Volts (V) = current (I) x resistance (R)
✔✔What unit is electric current measured in? - ✔✔ampere
✔✔Current flowing in one direction along a conductor - ✔✔direct current
✔✔Current which electrons oscillate back and forth - ✔✔alternating current
✔✔Provide the transformer law for voltage formula - ✔✔Voltage (secondary) / Voltage
(primary) = number of turns (secondary) / number of turns (primary)
✔✔What device is used to convert mechanical energy to electrical energy? -
✔✔generator
✔✔What device converts electrical energy to mechanical energy? - ✔✔motor
✔✔What device transforms electrical potential and current into higher or lower
intensities? - ✔✔transformer
✔✔The process of converting AC to DC - ✔✔rectification
✔✔What are the two principle types of rectifiers? - ✔✔vacuum-tube rectifier
solid-state diodes
✔✔What are the three principle parts of an x-ray circuit? - ✔✔x-ray tube, operating
console, high voltage generator
✔✔What is the definition of radiographic quantity? - ✔✔the number of x-rays or intensity
of the beam
expressed in mR or mR per mAs
✔✔What is the definition of radiographic quality? - ✔✔the penetrating ability of the
beam
expressed in kVp or HVL
✔✔What factors affect radiographic quantity? - ✔✔mAs, kVp, SID, and filtration
✔✔What factors affect radiographic quality? - ✔✔kVp and filtration
QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS RATED A+
✔✔Which letter is associated with the electron shell closest to the nucleus? - ✔✔K
✔✔What is the maximum number of electrons that can occupy the K shell? - ✔✔2
✔✔What is the maximum number of electrons that can occupy the L shell? - ✔✔8
✔✔What is the formula used to calculate the maximum number of electrons for each
shell? - ✔✔electron limit= 2n(squared)
✔✔All ionizing radiation can be classified into only 2 categories - ✔✔particulate (alpha
and beta)
electromagnetic (x-ray and gamma ray)
✔✔What is the definition of amplitude? - ✔✔1/2 the range from crest to valley
✔✔What is the velocity of a photon? - ✔✔the speed of light
c= 186,000 miles per second
✔✔What is the definition of frequency? - ✔✔the number of cycles or oscillations per
second
measured in Hertz
✔✔What is the definition of wavelength? - ✔✔the distance from one crest to another
✔✔What is the relationship between frequency and wavelength? - ✔✔inverse
As frequency increases, wavelength decreases
✔✔Provide the inverse square law formula - ✔✔Intensity 1 / Intensity 2 = Distance 2
squared / distance 1 squared
✔✔What are the three ranges of radiation which make up the electromagnetic
spectrum? - ✔✔visible light, radiofrequency, x-radiation
✔✔What is the definition of attenuation? - ✔✔The loss of energy in the beam as it
passes through matter, due to absorption and scatter
✔✔Structures that absorb x-rays are - ✔✔radiopaque
✔✔Structures that attenuate or partially absorb x-rays are - ✔✔radiolucent
✔✔What is the electric charge of a proton? - ✔✔positive
, ✔✔What is the electric charge of an electron? - ✔✔negative
✔✔What is the electric charge of a neutron? - ✔✔no charge
✔✔What is the formula for Ohm's Law? - ✔✔Volts (V) = current (I) x resistance (R)
✔✔What unit is electric current measured in? - ✔✔ampere
✔✔Current flowing in one direction along a conductor - ✔✔direct current
✔✔Current which electrons oscillate back and forth - ✔✔alternating current
✔✔Provide the transformer law for voltage formula - ✔✔Voltage (secondary) / Voltage
(primary) = number of turns (secondary) / number of turns (primary)
✔✔What device is used to convert mechanical energy to electrical energy? -
✔✔generator
✔✔What device converts electrical energy to mechanical energy? - ✔✔motor
✔✔What device transforms electrical potential and current into higher or lower
intensities? - ✔✔transformer
✔✔The process of converting AC to DC - ✔✔rectification
✔✔What are the two principle types of rectifiers? - ✔✔vacuum-tube rectifier
solid-state diodes
✔✔What are the three principle parts of an x-ray circuit? - ✔✔x-ray tube, operating
console, high voltage generator
✔✔What is the definition of radiographic quantity? - ✔✔the number of x-rays or intensity
of the beam
expressed in mR or mR per mAs
✔✔What is the definition of radiographic quality? - ✔✔the penetrating ability of the
beam
expressed in kVp or HVL
✔✔What factors affect radiographic quantity? - ✔✔mAs, kVp, SID, and filtration
✔✔What factors affect radiographic quality? - ✔✔kVp and filtration
