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NR566 Final Study Guide
Advanced Pharmacology - Care of the Family (Chamberlain University)
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NR566 Final Exam Study Guide
Week 5
Chapter 87- Drugs for the EYE
Glaucoma: group of diseases characterized by a decrease in peripheral vision secondary
to optic nerve damage. Leading cause of preventable blindness.
o Angle-closure glaucoma: displacement of the iris preventing exit of aqueous humor from
the anterior chamber. IOP increases rapidly and to dangerous levels. Develops suddenly
and is extremely painful. In the absence of treatment, irreversible loss of vision occurs in
1 to 2 days. Short term therapy and surgery.
Pilocarpine: emergency tx
o Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma (POAG) is directed at reducing elevated IOP. No cure but
can slow progression of disease.
1st line
β blockers: Timolol, Carteolol, Levobunolol, Metipranolo, Betaxolol- indicated
for patients with asthma or COPD
o MOA: Decreased aqueous humor formation.
o Adverse effects: Heart block, bradycardia, and
bronchospasm. Bexatolol a selective drug can cause
hypotension. May worse heart failure.
α2-adrenergic agonists: Apraclonidine- short term therapy. Brimonidine (Lumify)-
long term therapy.
o MOA: Decreased aqueous humor formation
o Adverse effects: Headache, dry mouth, dry nose, altered taste,
conjunctivitis, lid reactions, and pruritus
prostaglandin analogs: Latanoprost, Latanoprostenebunod, Travoprost,
Bimatoprost
o MOA: lower IOP primarily by facilitating the outflow of aqueous humor,
partly through the relaxation of the ciliary muscle.
o Adverse effects: Heightened brown pigmentation of the iris
and eyelid, migraines
o Considered first line because of less side affects
2 nd
line:
cholinergic drugs: Pilocarpine- emergency treatment of ACG, echothiophate
carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: Acetazolamide, Methazolamide, Dorzolamide,
Brinzolamide
Allergic Conjunctivitis: Inflammation of the conjunctiva in response to an allergen. Primary
symptoms are itching, burning, and a thin, watery discharge. In addition, the conjunctivae are usually red
and congested.
o Mast cell stabilizers: Cromolyn
MOA: prevent release of inflammatory mediators. relief takes several days.
o Histamine-1 (H1)-receptor antagonists Emedastine, olopatadine
MOA: blocks H1 receptors to provide immediate relief.
Ocular Decongestants: phenylephrine, naphazoline, oxymetazoline, brimonidine, and tetrahydrozoline
Downloaded by Herbert Macharia ()
, lOMoARcPSD|47245706
o weak solutions of adrenergic agonists applied topically to constrict dilated conjunctival blood vessels-
reduce redness caused by minor irritation.
o Contraindications: hypertension, thyrotoxicosis, eye conditions like injury, infection, or glaucoma
Chapter 89- Drugs for the EAR
Otitis Externa “Swimmer’s Ear”- inflammation of the external auditory canal
usually caused by bacterial infection, with symptoms including ear pain, pruritus, and
discharge. Management is focused on pain and antimicrobial.
o Treatment for clients aged 6-12 months with or without TM perforation
treatment includes ciprofloxacin 0.3% plus dexamethasone 0.1%, four drops
every 12 hours.
o Ciprofloxacin with hydrocortisone or dexamethasone drops are appropriate
for clients with or without TM perforation.
o Clients aged one year or older with or without TM perforation treatment
include ofloxacin otic 0.3%, five drops twice daily.
Chapter 88- Drugs for SKIN
Acne: chronic skin disorder beginning during puberty. Treatment is prolonged.
o Combination Therapy: retinoids, Abx, and keratolytics
o Topical Agent Indications: drug selection is based on severity and presentation (Mild-Moderate).
Severe symptoms require PO.
o Topical Keratolytic Agents: Salicylic and Azelaic acid.
Function: promote shedding of the outermost layer of the epidermal skin cells.
o Benzoyl Peroxide: first-line drug for mild to moderate acne, is both an antibiotic and keratolytic.
release of active oxygen when suppressing P. acnes
Downloaded by Herbert Macharia ()
NR566 Final Study Guide
Advanced Pharmacology - Care of the Family (Chamberlain University)
Scan to open on Studocu
Studocu is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or university
Downloaded by Herbert Macharia ()
, lOMoARcPSD|47245706
NR566 Final Exam Study Guide
Week 5
Chapter 87- Drugs for the EYE
Glaucoma: group of diseases characterized by a decrease in peripheral vision secondary
to optic nerve damage. Leading cause of preventable blindness.
o Angle-closure glaucoma: displacement of the iris preventing exit of aqueous humor from
the anterior chamber. IOP increases rapidly and to dangerous levels. Develops suddenly
and is extremely painful. In the absence of treatment, irreversible loss of vision occurs in
1 to 2 days. Short term therapy and surgery.
Pilocarpine: emergency tx
o Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma (POAG) is directed at reducing elevated IOP. No cure but
can slow progression of disease.
1st line
β blockers: Timolol, Carteolol, Levobunolol, Metipranolo, Betaxolol- indicated
for patients with asthma or COPD
o MOA: Decreased aqueous humor formation.
o Adverse effects: Heart block, bradycardia, and
bronchospasm. Bexatolol a selective drug can cause
hypotension. May worse heart failure.
α2-adrenergic agonists: Apraclonidine- short term therapy. Brimonidine (Lumify)-
long term therapy.
o MOA: Decreased aqueous humor formation
o Adverse effects: Headache, dry mouth, dry nose, altered taste,
conjunctivitis, lid reactions, and pruritus
prostaglandin analogs: Latanoprost, Latanoprostenebunod, Travoprost,
Bimatoprost
o MOA: lower IOP primarily by facilitating the outflow of aqueous humor,
partly through the relaxation of the ciliary muscle.
o Adverse effects: Heightened brown pigmentation of the iris
and eyelid, migraines
o Considered first line because of less side affects
2 nd
line:
cholinergic drugs: Pilocarpine- emergency treatment of ACG, echothiophate
carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: Acetazolamide, Methazolamide, Dorzolamide,
Brinzolamide
Allergic Conjunctivitis: Inflammation of the conjunctiva in response to an allergen. Primary
symptoms are itching, burning, and a thin, watery discharge. In addition, the conjunctivae are usually red
and congested.
o Mast cell stabilizers: Cromolyn
MOA: prevent release of inflammatory mediators. relief takes several days.
o Histamine-1 (H1)-receptor antagonists Emedastine, olopatadine
MOA: blocks H1 receptors to provide immediate relief.
Ocular Decongestants: phenylephrine, naphazoline, oxymetazoline, brimonidine, and tetrahydrozoline
Downloaded by Herbert Macharia ()
, lOMoARcPSD|47245706
o weak solutions of adrenergic agonists applied topically to constrict dilated conjunctival blood vessels-
reduce redness caused by minor irritation.
o Contraindications: hypertension, thyrotoxicosis, eye conditions like injury, infection, or glaucoma
Chapter 89- Drugs for the EAR
Otitis Externa “Swimmer’s Ear”- inflammation of the external auditory canal
usually caused by bacterial infection, with symptoms including ear pain, pruritus, and
discharge. Management is focused on pain and antimicrobial.
o Treatment for clients aged 6-12 months with or without TM perforation
treatment includes ciprofloxacin 0.3% plus dexamethasone 0.1%, four drops
every 12 hours.
o Ciprofloxacin with hydrocortisone or dexamethasone drops are appropriate
for clients with or without TM perforation.
o Clients aged one year or older with or without TM perforation treatment
include ofloxacin otic 0.3%, five drops twice daily.
Chapter 88- Drugs for SKIN
Acne: chronic skin disorder beginning during puberty. Treatment is prolonged.
o Combination Therapy: retinoids, Abx, and keratolytics
o Topical Agent Indications: drug selection is based on severity and presentation (Mild-Moderate).
Severe symptoms require PO.
o Topical Keratolytic Agents: Salicylic and Azelaic acid.
Function: promote shedding of the outermost layer of the epidermal skin cells.
o Benzoyl Peroxide: first-line drug for mild to moderate acne, is both an antibiotic and keratolytic.
release of active oxygen when suppressing P. acnes
Downloaded by Herbert Macharia ()
