PHAR 370 FINAL (QUIZBANK) | 683 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTION.
Pharmacology - (answer)The study of substances that affect or alter living systems through chemical
processes. Systems are usually affected by increasing or decreasing activity of regulatory processes
within the living system
Drug - (answer)Any substance received by biological system that is not received for nutritive purposes
What are the two divisions of pharmacology? - (answer)Pharmacodynamics and Pharmacokinetics
What is Pharmacodynamics - (answer)What a drug does to the body
What is Pharmacokinetics - (answer)The study of drug absorption, distribution metabolism, and
excretion as a function of time.
What are the two responses drugs are administered to achieve? - (answer)1. Beneficial effect on an
individual
2. Exert a toxic effect on an individual (antibiotics)
What are endogenous ligands? - (answer)Substances usually found in the body like hormones and
neurotransmitters
What are the four types of receptors? - (answer)Regulatory proteins, transporters, enzymes, and
structural proteins
What are regulatory proteins? - (answer)Proteins that mediate the actions of endogenous chemical
signals. Generally mediate transmembrane signaling
What is signal transduction? - (answer)When a ligand/drug bind and activate its receptor, which then
triggers other biochemical events resulting in pharmacological effect.
,PHAR 370 FINAL (QUIZBANK) | 683 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTION.
What are four common signaling mechanisms for a regulatory protein? - (answer)Regulated
transmembrane enzymes, ligand gated ion channels, G-protein coupled receptor, and intracellular
receptors
What are regulated transmembrane enzymes? - (answer)Receptors that activate an enzyme inside the
cell when an endogenous ligand or drug binds.
What happens when regulated transmembrane enzymes are activated? - (answer)When activated are
called protein kinases, these phosphorylate and activate a cascade of biochemical events
What are ligand gated ion channels as receptors - (answer)Regulatory proteins that transport ions across
the cell membrane when an endogenous ligand or drug binds to the receptor.
How do ligand gated ion channels work? - (answer)When a ligand/drug binds it undergoes
conformational change in the channel to open it
What type of mechanism is the nicotinic receptor? - (answer)Ligand gated ion channel
What does the nicotinic receptor do? - (answer)Ach binds to the receptor in the muscle causing the
channel to open. It increases Na conc. and the muscle membrane depolarizes and the contraction
happens quickly.
What are g-protein coupled receptors? - (answer)Receptors that undergo a conformation change when
an endogenous ligand or drug binds, activating a second messenger system.
What does the g-protein coupled receptor do? - (answer)When a drug binds to it, it changed shape
which activates the g-protein. This activates a secondary messenger that activates the enzyme of ion
channel that results in an effect.
What are intracellular receptors? - (answer)Receptors that move into the nucleus when bound to an
endogenous ligand or drug, increasing drug expression
,PHAR 370 FINAL (QUIZBANK) | 683 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTION.
What are examples of intracellular receptors? - (answer)Steroid and thyroid hormones
What are transporters? - (answer)Receptor proteins that transport endogenous substances across cell
membranes, drugs that target transporters often inhibit their function
Example of a transporter - (answer)SSRIs block the transporter responsible for removing serotonin
What are enzymes? - (answer)Protein catalyze a biological reaction, frugs for enzymes often inhibit
function
Example of an enzyme - (answer)Cholesterol drugs inhibit HMG-CoA reductase (syntesizes cholesterol).
What are structural proteins - (answer)Proteins that contribute to the cell structure, drugs will disrupt
this function
Example of structural proteins - (answer)Anticancer drugs bind to microtubules and inhibit spindle
formation, stopping cell division
What are drugs not mediated by receptors - (answer)Antiacids and drugs for chemotherapy
How are drugs classified - (answer)By where they bind to a receptor and what the effect of binding is
Allosteric Activator - (answer)Binds to a different area of the receptor than the agonist, but makes the
receptor easier to activate
Competitive Antagonist - (answer)Reversibly binds to the same receptor site as an agonist but does not
activate it
, PHAR 370 FINAL (QUIZBANK) | 683 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTION.
Partial Agonist - (answer)Binds to the receptor and activates it, but produces a weak response
Agonist - (answer)Binds to and activates the receptor, producing a full response
Non-Competitive Antagonist - (answer)Irreversibly binds to and blocks the receptor
What is the Dose-Response relationship - (answer)The intensity of the pharmacological effects produced
by a drug in proportion to the dose.
What type of scale does the dose response relationship use? - (answer)Logarithmic Scale: nonlinear
scale of measurement where each unit is a 10 fold change in the measurement
What is ED50 - (answer)The dose of drug that will result in 50% of maximal effect, or as dose of drug
that is effective in half of the population
What is efficacy? - (answer)The maximum pharmacological response that can be produced by a specific
drug in that biological system, amount doesn't matter
What is potency? - (answer)The dose or concentration of a drug that is required to produce a response
of a certain magnitude
What is more important? Efficacy or Potency? - (answer)Efficacy, the max effectiveness of a drug is used
to determine if the drug is used
What is the therapeutic range? - (answer)The range of drug concentration that is above minimum
therapeutic concentration but below toxic concentration
What is the recommended dose? - (answer)The dose that will cause the desired effect in majority of
people (based off of ED50)
SOLUTION.
Pharmacology - (answer)The study of substances that affect or alter living systems through chemical
processes. Systems are usually affected by increasing or decreasing activity of regulatory processes
within the living system
Drug - (answer)Any substance received by biological system that is not received for nutritive purposes
What are the two divisions of pharmacology? - (answer)Pharmacodynamics and Pharmacokinetics
What is Pharmacodynamics - (answer)What a drug does to the body
What is Pharmacokinetics - (answer)The study of drug absorption, distribution metabolism, and
excretion as a function of time.
What are the two responses drugs are administered to achieve? - (answer)1. Beneficial effect on an
individual
2. Exert a toxic effect on an individual (antibiotics)
What are endogenous ligands? - (answer)Substances usually found in the body like hormones and
neurotransmitters
What are the four types of receptors? - (answer)Regulatory proteins, transporters, enzymes, and
structural proteins
What are regulatory proteins? - (answer)Proteins that mediate the actions of endogenous chemical
signals. Generally mediate transmembrane signaling
What is signal transduction? - (answer)When a ligand/drug bind and activate its receptor, which then
triggers other biochemical events resulting in pharmacological effect.
,PHAR 370 FINAL (QUIZBANK) | 683 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTION.
What are four common signaling mechanisms for a regulatory protein? - (answer)Regulated
transmembrane enzymes, ligand gated ion channels, G-protein coupled receptor, and intracellular
receptors
What are regulated transmembrane enzymes? - (answer)Receptors that activate an enzyme inside the
cell when an endogenous ligand or drug binds.
What happens when regulated transmembrane enzymes are activated? - (answer)When activated are
called protein kinases, these phosphorylate and activate a cascade of biochemical events
What are ligand gated ion channels as receptors - (answer)Regulatory proteins that transport ions across
the cell membrane when an endogenous ligand or drug binds to the receptor.
How do ligand gated ion channels work? - (answer)When a ligand/drug binds it undergoes
conformational change in the channel to open it
What type of mechanism is the nicotinic receptor? - (answer)Ligand gated ion channel
What does the nicotinic receptor do? - (answer)Ach binds to the receptor in the muscle causing the
channel to open. It increases Na conc. and the muscle membrane depolarizes and the contraction
happens quickly.
What are g-protein coupled receptors? - (answer)Receptors that undergo a conformation change when
an endogenous ligand or drug binds, activating a second messenger system.
What does the g-protein coupled receptor do? - (answer)When a drug binds to it, it changed shape
which activates the g-protein. This activates a secondary messenger that activates the enzyme of ion
channel that results in an effect.
What are intracellular receptors? - (answer)Receptors that move into the nucleus when bound to an
endogenous ligand or drug, increasing drug expression
,PHAR 370 FINAL (QUIZBANK) | 683 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTION.
What are examples of intracellular receptors? - (answer)Steroid and thyroid hormones
What are transporters? - (answer)Receptor proteins that transport endogenous substances across cell
membranes, drugs that target transporters often inhibit their function
Example of a transporter - (answer)SSRIs block the transporter responsible for removing serotonin
What are enzymes? - (answer)Protein catalyze a biological reaction, frugs for enzymes often inhibit
function
Example of an enzyme - (answer)Cholesterol drugs inhibit HMG-CoA reductase (syntesizes cholesterol).
What are structural proteins - (answer)Proteins that contribute to the cell structure, drugs will disrupt
this function
Example of structural proteins - (answer)Anticancer drugs bind to microtubules and inhibit spindle
formation, stopping cell division
What are drugs not mediated by receptors - (answer)Antiacids and drugs for chemotherapy
How are drugs classified - (answer)By where they bind to a receptor and what the effect of binding is
Allosteric Activator - (answer)Binds to a different area of the receptor than the agonist, but makes the
receptor easier to activate
Competitive Antagonist - (answer)Reversibly binds to the same receptor site as an agonist but does not
activate it
, PHAR 370 FINAL (QUIZBANK) | 683 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTION.
Partial Agonist - (answer)Binds to the receptor and activates it, but produces a weak response
Agonist - (answer)Binds to and activates the receptor, producing a full response
Non-Competitive Antagonist - (answer)Irreversibly binds to and blocks the receptor
What is the Dose-Response relationship - (answer)The intensity of the pharmacological effects produced
by a drug in proportion to the dose.
What type of scale does the dose response relationship use? - (answer)Logarithmic Scale: nonlinear
scale of measurement where each unit is a 10 fold change in the measurement
What is ED50 - (answer)The dose of drug that will result in 50% of maximal effect, or as dose of drug
that is effective in half of the population
What is efficacy? - (answer)The maximum pharmacological response that can be produced by a specific
drug in that biological system, amount doesn't matter
What is potency? - (answer)The dose or concentration of a drug that is required to produce a response
of a certain magnitude
What is more important? Efficacy or Potency? - (answer)Efficacy, the max effectiveness of a drug is used
to determine if the drug is used
What is the therapeutic range? - (answer)The range of drug concentration that is above minimum
therapeutic concentration but below toxic concentration
What is the recommended dose? - (answer)The dose that will cause the desired effect in majority of
people (based off of ED50)
