COMPREHENSIVE PEDIATRIC CARDIAC DISORDERS:
TYPES, SYMPTOMS, AND CARE | VERIFIED QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS | 100% ACCURATE, A+ GRADED, GUARANTEED
SUCCESS!
What is the consequence of defects that increase pulmonary blood flow? Answer:
Blood shifts from the high pressure left side of the heart to the right, lower pressure
side.
What is a Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD)? Answer: A hole in the septum between the
right and left ventricle that results in increased pulmonary blood flow (left-to-right shunt).
What are the auscultation findings for a VSD? Answer: A loud, harsh murmur at the left
sternal border.
What is an Atrial Septal Defect (ASD)? Answer: A hole in the septum between the right
and left atria that leads to increased pulmonary blood flow (left-to-right shunt).
What are the characteristic findings of an ASD? Answer: A loud, harsh murmur with a
fixed split second heart sound, and possibly asymptomatic.
What is a Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA)? Answer: A condition where the normal fetal
conduit between the pulmonary artery and aorta fails to close, resulting in increased
pulmonary blood flow (left-to-right shunt).
What are the clinical findings associated with PDA? Answer: Systolic murmur (machine
hum), wide pulse pressure, bounding pulses, and possibly asymptomatic.
1
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, What are the risk factors for congenital heart disease? Answer: Maternal infections,
substance use during pregnancy, diabetes mellitus, genetic factors, and syndromes like
Trisomy 21.
What defines obstructive defects in the heart? Answer: Obstructive defects occur when
blood flow exiting the heart meets an area of narrowing (stenosis), causing obstruction.
What is Transposition of the Great Arteries? Answer: A condition where the aorta is
connected to the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery to the left, requiring a septal
defect or PDA for oxygenation.
What are the signs of Pulmonary Stenosis? Answer: Systolic ejection murmur and
possibly asymptomatic.
What is Truncus Arteriosus? Answer: Failure of septum formation, resulting in a single
vessel coming off the ventricles.
What are the clinical manifestations of Aortic Stenosis? Answer: Fatigue, poor feeding
habits in infants, and exercise intolerance, dizziness, or chest pain in children.
What is Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome? Answer: A condition where the left side of
the heart is underdeveloped, requiring an ASD or patent foramen ovale for oxygenation.
What characterizes Coarctation of the Aorta? Answer: Narrowing of the aorta lumen,
leading to cold extremities, elevated blood pressure in the arms, and decreased blood
pressure in the lower extremities.
What are the symptoms of Tricuspid Atresia? Answer: Cyanosis, dyspnea, tachycardia
in infants, and hypoxemia with clubbing of fingers in older children.
What is Tetralogy of Fallot? Answer: A combination of four defects: pulmonary stenosis,
ventricular septal defect, overriding aorta, and right ventricular hypertrophy.
2
APPHIA - Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
TYPES, SYMPTOMS, AND CARE | VERIFIED QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS | 100% ACCURATE, A+ GRADED, GUARANTEED
SUCCESS!
What is the consequence of defects that increase pulmonary blood flow? Answer:
Blood shifts from the high pressure left side of the heart to the right, lower pressure
side.
What is a Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD)? Answer: A hole in the septum between the
right and left ventricle that results in increased pulmonary blood flow (left-to-right shunt).
What are the auscultation findings for a VSD? Answer: A loud, harsh murmur at the left
sternal border.
What is an Atrial Septal Defect (ASD)? Answer: A hole in the septum between the right
and left atria that leads to increased pulmonary blood flow (left-to-right shunt).
What are the characteristic findings of an ASD? Answer: A loud, harsh murmur with a
fixed split second heart sound, and possibly asymptomatic.
What is a Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA)? Answer: A condition where the normal fetal
conduit between the pulmonary artery and aorta fails to close, resulting in increased
pulmonary blood flow (left-to-right shunt).
What are the clinical findings associated with PDA? Answer: Systolic murmur (machine
hum), wide pulse pressure, bounding pulses, and possibly asymptomatic.
1
APPHIA - Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
, What are the risk factors for congenital heart disease? Answer: Maternal infections,
substance use during pregnancy, diabetes mellitus, genetic factors, and syndromes like
Trisomy 21.
What defines obstructive defects in the heart? Answer: Obstructive defects occur when
blood flow exiting the heart meets an area of narrowing (stenosis), causing obstruction.
What is Transposition of the Great Arteries? Answer: A condition where the aorta is
connected to the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery to the left, requiring a septal
defect or PDA for oxygenation.
What are the signs of Pulmonary Stenosis? Answer: Systolic ejection murmur and
possibly asymptomatic.
What is Truncus Arteriosus? Answer: Failure of septum formation, resulting in a single
vessel coming off the ventricles.
What are the clinical manifestations of Aortic Stenosis? Answer: Fatigue, poor feeding
habits in infants, and exercise intolerance, dizziness, or chest pain in children.
What is Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome? Answer: A condition where the left side of
the heart is underdeveloped, requiring an ASD or patent foramen ovale for oxygenation.
What characterizes Coarctation of the Aorta? Answer: Narrowing of the aorta lumen,
leading to cold extremities, elevated blood pressure in the arms, and decreased blood
pressure in the lower extremities.
What are the symptoms of Tricuspid Atresia? Answer: Cyanosis, dyspnea, tachycardia
in infants, and hypoxemia with clubbing of fingers in older children.
What is Tetralogy of Fallot? Answer: A combination of four defects: pulmonary stenosis,
ventricular septal defect, overriding aorta, and right ventricular hypertrophy.
2
APPHIA - Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
