PEDIATRIC HEMATOLOGIC AND ONCOLOGIC DISORDERS:
KEY CONCEPTS AND CARE | VERIFIED QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS | 100% ACCURATE, A+ GRADED, GUARANTEED
SUCCESS!
Iron deficiency anemia Answer: The most prevalent anemia worldwide, particularly
affecting adolescents due to poor diet, rapid growth, menses, strenuous activities, and
obesity.
Epistaxis Answer: Commonly known as nosebleeds, which are short, isolated
occurrences that can cause anxiety for the child and caregivers.
Risk factors for iron deficiency anemia Answer: Include premature birth, excessive
intake of cow's milk in toddlers, trauma to the nose, malabsorption disorders, poor
dietary intake of iron, increased iron requirements, and low humidity.
Tachycardia Answer: An expected finding in patients with iron deficiency anemia.
Pallor Answer: A physical assessment finding associated with iron deficiency anemia.
Active bleeding from nose Answer: A physical assessment finding indicating epistaxis.
Brittle, spoon-shaped fingernails Answer: A physical assessment finding that can
indicate iron deficiency anemia.
Restlessness and agitation Answer: Symptoms that may be observed in children with
iron deficiency anemia.
Fatigue, irritability, and muscle weakness Answer: Common symptoms associated with
iron deficiency anemia.
1
APPHIA - Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
,Systolic heart murmur Answer: A physical assessment finding that may be present in
patients with iron deficiency anemia.
Cravings for non-nutritive substances Answer: Such as ice, dirt, or paper, which can be
a sign of iron deficiency anemia.
CBC Answer: A laboratory test showing decreased RBC count, Hgb, and Hct in cases
of iron deficiency anemia.
Mean corpuscular volume Answer: The average size of RBC, which can be decreased
in iron deficiency anemia.
Mean corpuscular Hgb Answer: The average weight of RBC, which can be decreased
in iron deficiency anemia.
Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration Answer: The amount of Hgb relative to
the size of the cell, which can be decreased in iron deficiency anemia.
Reticulocyte count Answer: Can be decreased, indicating bone marrow production of
RBCs in iron deficiency anemia.
Total iron binding capacity Answer: Elevated in cases of iron deficiency anemia.
Transferrin Answer: A laboratory test that can indicate anemia when at 10%.
Stool analysis Answer: Guaiac test used to assess for blood in stool, relevant in
anemia evaluation.
Iron supplements Answer: Recommended for preterm and low-birth-weight infants by
the age of 2 months, and for full-term infants by the age of 4 to 6 months.
Iron-fortified formula Answer: Recommended for infants when solids are introduced to
ensure adequate iron intake.
2
APPHIA - Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
,Diet modification for infants Answer: Should include high iron and vitamin C foods to
enhance iron absorption.
Formula intake limit Answer: Should be limited to 32 oz (960 mL) per day for infants.
Iron-rich foods Answer: Foods that are high in iron content, recommended for intake.
Iron-fortified cereal Answer: Cereal that has added iron, provided when solid foods are
introduced.
Hgb levels Answer: Hemoglobin levels, which should be monitored to assess treatment
effectiveness.
Follow-up laboratory tests Answer: Tests conducted to determine the effectiveness of
treatment.
Packed RBCs Answer: Packed red blood cells, which may be required for treatment.
Universal anemia screens Answer: Screening scheduled at 12 months of age to check
for anemia.
Dietary sources of iron for infants Answer: Iron-fortified cereals and formula or
exclusive breastfeeding.
Dietary sources of iron for older children Answer: Dried beans, lentils, peanut butter,
green leafy vegetables, iron-fortified breads, poultry, and red meat.
Gastrointestinal upset Answer: Common side effects of iron therapy, including diarrhea,
constipation, and nausea.
Iron supplements administration Answer: Should be given 1 hour before or 2 hours
after milk, tea, or antacid.
Empty stomach Answer: Iron supplements should be administered on an empty
stomach if tolerated.
3
APPHIA - Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
, Vitamin C Answer: Should be given with iron to increase absorption.
Sickle cell disease (SCD) Answer: A group of diseases where abnormal sickle
hemoglobin S replaces normal adult hemoglobin.
Sickle cell anemia (SCA) Answer: The homozygous and most common form of sickle
cell disease.
RBC sickling Answer: The process that leads to increased blood viscosity, obstruction
of blood flow, and tissue hypoxia.
Sickle cell trait Answer: Condition where a child has the genes for sickle cell but is
asymptomatic.
Sickle cell crisis Answer: Acute exacerbation of sickle cell anemia.
Sickle-turbidity screening Answer: Tool that detects the presence of HbS but does not
differentiate between trait and disease.
Hemoglobin electrophoresis Answer: Test that separates various forms of hemoglobin
and is definitive for sickle cell anemia.
Transcranial Doppler (TCD) test Answer: Used to assess intracranial vascular flow and
detect risk for cerebrovascular accident.
Vaso-occlusive crisis Answer: Painful episode associated with sickle cell disease.
Expected findings in SCA Answer: Decreased Hgb, elevated WBC count, elevated
bilirubin and reticulocyte levels, and sickled cells in peripheral blood smear.
Swollen joints, hands, and feet Answer: A symptom often associated with various
medical conditions.
Abdominal pain Answer: Discomfort or pain in the stomach area.
Hematuria Answer: Presence of blood in urine.
4
APPHIA - Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
KEY CONCEPTS AND CARE | VERIFIED QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS | 100% ACCURATE, A+ GRADED, GUARANTEED
SUCCESS!
Iron deficiency anemia Answer: The most prevalent anemia worldwide, particularly
affecting adolescents due to poor diet, rapid growth, menses, strenuous activities, and
obesity.
Epistaxis Answer: Commonly known as nosebleeds, which are short, isolated
occurrences that can cause anxiety for the child and caregivers.
Risk factors for iron deficiency anemia Answer: Include premature birth, excessive
intake of cow's milk in toddlers, trauma to the nose, malabsorption disorders, poor
dietary intake of iron, increased iron requirements, and low humidity.
Tachycardia Answer: An expected finding in patients with iron deficiency anemia.
Pallor Answer: A physical assessment finding associated with iron deficiency anemia.
Active bleeding from nose Answer: A physical assessment finding indicating epistaxis.
Brittle, spoon-shaped fingernails Answer: A physical assessment finding that can
indicate iron deficiency anemia.
Restlessness and agitation Answer: Symptoms that may be observed in children with
iron deficiency anemia.
Fatigue, irritability, and muscle weakness Answer: Common symptoms associated with
iron deficiency anemia.
1
APPHIA - Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
,Systolic heart murmur Answer: A physical assessment finding that may be present in
patients with iron deficiency anemia.
Cravings for non-nutritive substances Answer: Such as ice, dirt, or paper, which can be
a sign of iron deficiency anemia.
CBC Answer: A laboratory test showing decreased RBC count, Hgb, and Hct in cases
of iron deficiency anemia.
Mean corpuscular volume Answer: The average size of RBC, which can be decreased
in iron deficiency anemia.
Mean corpuscular Hgb Answer: The average weight of RBC, which can be decreased
in iron deficiency anemia.
Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration Answer: The amount of Hgb relative to
the size of the cell, which can be decreased in iron deficiency anemia.
Reticulocyte count Answer: Can be decreased, indicating bone marrow production of
RBCs in iron deficiency anemia.
Total iron binding capacity Answer: Elevated in cases of iron deficiency anemia.
Transferrin Answer: A laboratory test that can indicate anemia when at 10%.
Stool analysis Answer: Guaiac test used to assess for blood in stool, relevant in
anemia evaluation.
Iron supplements Answer: Recommended for preterm and low-birth-weight infants by
the age of 2 months, and for full-term infants by the age of 4 to 6 months.
Iron-fortified formula Answer: Recommended for infants when solids are introduced to
ensure adequate iron intake.
2
APPHIA - Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
,Diet modification for infants Answer: Should include high iron and vitamin C foods to
enhance iron absorption.
Formula intake limit Answer: Should be limited to 32 oz (960 mL) per day for infants.
Iron-rich foods Answer: Foods that are high in iron content, recommended for intake.
Iron-fortified cereal Answer: Cereal that has added iron, provided when solid foods are
introduced.
Hgb levels Answer: Hemoglobin levels, which should be monitored to assess treatment
effectiveness.
Follow-up laboratory tests Answer: Tests conducted to determine the effectiveness of
treatment.
Packed RBCs Answer: Packed red blood cells, which may be required for treatment.
Universal anemia screens Answer: Screening scheduled at 12 months of age to check
for anemia.
Dietary sources of iron for infants Answer: Iron-fortified cereals and formula or
exclusive breastfeeding.
Dietary sources of iron for older children Answer: Dried beans, lentils, peanut butter,
green leafy vegetables, iron-fortified breads, poultry, and red meat.
Gastrointestinal upset Answer: Common side effects of iron therapy, including diarrhea,
constipation, and nausea.
Iron supplements administration Answer: Should be given 1 hour before or 2 hours
after milk, tea, or antacid.
Empty stomach Answer: Iron supplements should be administered on an empty
stomach if tolerated.
3
APPHIA - Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
, Vitamin C Answer: Should be given with iron to increase absorption.
Sickle cell disease (SCD) Answer: A group of diseases where abnormal sickle
hemoglobin S replaces normal adult hemoglobin.
Sickle cell anemia (SCA) Answer: The homozygous and most common form of sickle
cell disease.
RBC sickling Answer: The process that leads to increased blood viscosity, obstruction
of blood flow, and tissue hypoxia.
Sickle cell trait Answer: Condition where a child has the genes for sickle cell but is
asymptomatic.
Sickle cell crisis Answer: Acute exacerbation of sickle cell anemia.
Sickle-turbidity screening Answer: Tool that detects the presence of HbS but does not
differentiate between trait and disease.
Hemoglobin electrophoresis Answer: Test that separates various forms of hemoglobin
and is definitive for sickle cell anemia.
Transcranial Doppler (TCD) test Answer: Used to assess intracranial vascular flow and
detect risk for cerebrovascular accident.
Vaso-occlusive crisis Answer: Painful episode associated with sickle cell disease.
Expected findings in SCA Answer: Decreased Hgb, elevated WBC count, elevated
bilirubin and reticulocyte levels, and sickled cells in peripheral blood smear.
Swollen joints, hands, and feet Answer: A symptom often associated with various
medical conditions.
Abdominal pain Answer: Discomfort or pain in the stomach area.
Hematuria Answer: Presence of blood in urine.
4
APPHIA - Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
