CNUR 305- unit 1 Exam ACTUAL
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
2 major fluid compartments - CORRECT ANSWER -intracellular fluid
-extracellular fluid (interstitial fluid, plasma)
Sodium range - CORRECT ANSWER 135-145
Whats sodium responsible for - CORRECT ANSWER -water balance
-transmission of impulses across muscle and nerve cells through Na -K pump
-acid base balance
How do you want to correct sodium imbalances - CORRECT ANSWER slowly to
prevent seizures, coma, death
=
-slowly to prevent osmotic demyelination
Why does hyperatremia usually occur - CORRECT ANSWER imapired
conscioussness (cant sense thirst, swallow, inability to obtain water)
Whast first indicator of sodium imbalances - CORRECT ANSWER urine output
Hypernatremia treatment - CORRECT ANSWER -IV fluids (isotonic)
-treat teh underlying cause (DKA)
Usual issue of hyponatremia - CORRECT ANSWER dilutional hyponatremia (too
much fluids)
V/D loss of fluid and Na
,Mild symptoms of hyponatremia - CORRECT ANSWER -headache
-irritability
-dificulty concentration
Severe symptoms of hyponatremia - CORRECT ANSWER -confusion
-vomiting
-seizures
-coma
Hyponatremia treatments - CORRECT ANSWER -fluid restrictions
-if risk is severe: hypertonic solutions (3% nacl)
-caused by abnormal fluid loss (vomiting): fluid replacement with sodium containing
solutions
Signs of fluid volume excess in cardiovascular - CORRECT ANSWER -pulse is
boudning
-distended neck veins
-increased BP
Signs of fluid volume deficit in cardiovascular - CORRECT ANSWER -
vasoconstriction
-increased HR (compensation)
-orthostatic hypotension
-flattened neck veins
-untreated leads to shock
Signs of fluid volume excess in respiratory - CORRECT ANSWER -pulmonary
congestion/ edema
-SOB
-irritative cough
, -moist crackles
Signs of fluid volume deficit in respiratory - CORRECT ANSWER -increased RR r/t
decreased tissue perfusion
-hypoxia
Signs of fluid volume excess in neurological - CORRECT ANSWER -water moves
into brain cells (swells)
Signs of fluid volume deficit in neurological - CORRECT ANSWER water shifts out
of brain cells (shrinkage)
Signs of fluid volume excess in skin - CORRECT ANSWER edema
Signs of fluid volume deficit in skin - CORRECT ANSWER -turgor is diminished
-cool and moist
-mucous membranes dry
Chloride range - CORRECT ANSWER 98-106
What does chloride do - CORRECT ANSWER -maintain proper blood volume
-maintain BP
-maintain fluid balance in and out of cells
Reasons for hyperchloremia - CORRECT ANSWER -renal acidosis
-respiratory alkalosis (due to CO2 levels)
-high Na levels
-severe diarrhea
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
2 major fluid compartments - CORRECT ANSWER -intracellular fluid
-extracellular fluid (interstitial fluid, plasma)
Sodium range - CORRECT ANSWER 135-145
Whats sodium responsible for - CORRECT ANSWER -water balance
-transmission of impulses across muscle and nerve cells through Na -K pump
-acid base balance
How do you want to correct sodium imbalances - CORRECT ANSWER slowly to
prevent seizures, coma, death
=
-slowly to prevent osmotic demyelination
Why does hyperatremia usually occur - CORRECT ANSWER imapired
conscioussness (cant sense thirst, swallow, inability to obtain water)
Whast first indicator of sodium imbalances - CORRECT ANSWER urine output
Hypernatremia treatment - CORRECT ANSWER -IV fluids (isotonic)
-treat teh underlying cause (DKA)
Usual issue of hyponatremia - CORRECT ANSWER dilutional hyponatremia (too
much fluids)
V/D loss of fluid and Na
,Mild symptoms of hyponatremia - CORRECT ANSWER -headache
-irritability
-dificulty concentration
Severe symptoms of hyponatremia - CORRECT ANSWER -confusion
-vomiting
-seizures
-coma
Hyponatremia treatments - CORRECT ANSWER -fluid restrictions
-if risk is severe: hypertonic solutions (3% nacl)
-caused by abnormal fluid loss (vomiting): fluid replacement with sodium containing
solutions
Signs of fluid volume excess in cardiovascular - CORRECT ANSWER -pulse is
boudning
-distended neck veins
-increased BP
Signs of fluid volume deficit in cardiovascular - CORRECT ANSWER -
vasoconstriction
-increased HR (compensation)
-orthostatic hypotension
-flattened neck veins
-untreated leads to shock
Signs of fluid volume excess in respiratory - CORRECT ANSWER -pulmonary
congestion/ edema
-SOB
-irritative cough
, -moist crackles
Signs of fluid volume deficit in respiratory - CORRECT ANSWER -increased RR r/t
decreased tissue perfusion
-hypoxia
Signs of fluid volume excess in neurological - CORRECT ANSWER -water moves
into brain cells (swells)
Signs of fluid volume deficit in neurological - CORRECT ANSWER water shifts out
of brain cells (shrinkage)
Signs of fluid volume excess in skin - CORRECT ANSWER edema
Signs of fluid volume deficit in skin - CORRECT ANSWER -turgor is diminished
-cool and moist
-mucous membranes dry
Chloride range - CORRECT ANSWER 98-106
What does chloride do - CORRECT ANSWER -maintain proper blood volume
-maintain BP
-maintain fluid balance in and out of cells
Reasons for hyperchloremia - CORRECT ANSWER -renal acidosis
-respiratory alkalosis (due to CO2 levels)
-high Na levels
-severe diarrhea
