SEVERE SHOCK, SEPSIS, AND MODS: PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
AND MANAGEMENT | VERIFIED QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
| 100% ACCURATE, A+ GRADED, GUARANTEED SUCCESS!
What is characterized by decreased tissue perfusion and impaired cellular metabolism?
Answer: Shock
What imbalance occurs in shock regarding oxygen? Answer: Imbalance of O2 supply
and demand
What is the consequence of low supply of O2 and nutrition at the cellular level?
Answer: Cell necrosis, organ damage, and failure
What are the main classifications of shock? Answer: Cardiogenic, Hypovolemic,
Distributive, and Obstructive Shock
What type of shock is caused by myocardial infarction? Answer: Cardiogenic Shock
What is the cause of Hypovolemic Shock? Answer: Hemorrhage
What causes Neurogenic Shock? Answer: Spinal Cord Injury
What type of shock can result from insect bites or vaccines? Answer: Anaphylactic
Shock
What is Septic Shock associated with? Answer: Pneumonia, Peritonitis, Cholangitis
What is the final stage of shock called? Answer: Refractory Stage
What occurs during the Initial Stage of shock? Answer: Metabolism changes from
aerobic to anaerobic, causing lactic acid buildup
What are the classic signs of shock? Answer: Drop in blood pressure
What is SIRS? Answer: Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome
1
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, What characterizes SIRS? Answer: Systemic inflammatory response to various insults,
including infection
What are common causes of SIRS? Answer: Burns, crush injuries, surgical
procedures, abscess formation, ischemic or necrotic tissue
What diagnostic markers indicate sepsis? Answer: Increased WBC, increased lactate,
positive blood cultures
What is the cornerstone of therapy for septic shock? Answer: Fluid Resuscitation
What is the goal mean arterial pressure (MAP) in shock management? Answer:
Greater than 65 mmHg
What is the mechanism of action of Norepinephrine? Answer: β1-Adrenergic agonist for
cardiac stimulation and α-Adrenergic agonist for peripheral vasoconstriction
What nursing implication is critical when administering Norepinephrine? Answer:
Central line is required to prevent tissue sloughing
What does Vasopressin do? Answer: Acts as a non-adrenergic vasoconstrictor and
increases MAP
What are the clinical manifestations of shock in the cardiovascular system? Answer:
Myocardial dysfunction, changes in temperature, and ejection fraction
What respiratory symptoms are associated with shock? Answer: Hyperventilation,
crackles, hypoxemia, and respiratory failure
What renal symptom indicates shock? Answer: Decreased urine output
What neurological changes can occur in shock? Answer: Alteration in mental status,
confusion, and agitation
2
APPHIA - Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
AND MANAGEMENT | VERIFIED QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
| 100% ACCURATE, A+ GRADED, GUARANTEED SUCCESS!
What is characterized by decreased tissue perfusion and impaired cellular metabolism?
Answer: Shock
What imbalance occurs in shock regarding oxygen? Answer: Imbalance of O2 supply
and demand
What is the consequence of low supply of O2 and nutrition at the cellular level?
Answer: Cell necrosis, organ damage, and failure
What are the main classifications of shock? Answer: Cardiogenic, Hypovolemic,
Distributive, and Obstructive Shock
What type of shock is caused by myocardial infarction? Answer: Cardiogenic Shock
What is the cause of Hypovolemic Shock? Answer: Hemorrhage
What causes Neurogenic Shock? Answer: Spinal Cord Injury
What type of shock can result from insect bites or vaccines? Answer: Anaphylactic
Shock
What is Septic Shock associated with? Answer: Pneumonia, Peritonitis, Cholangitis
What is the final stage of shock called? Answer: Refractory Stage
What occurs during the Initial Stage of shock? Answer: Metabolism changes from
aerobic to anaerobic, causing lactic acid buildup
What are the classic signs of shock? Answer: Drop in blood pressure
What is SIRS? Answer: Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome
1
APPHIA - Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
, What characterizes SIRS? Answer: Systemic inflammatory response to various insults,
including infection
What are common causes of SIRS? Answer: Burns, crush injuries, surgical
procedures, abscess formation, ischemic or necrotic tissue
What diagnostic markers indicate sepsis? Answer: Increased WBC, increased lactate,
positive blood cultures
What is the cornerstone of therapy for septic shock? Answer: Fluid Resuscitation
What is the goal mean arterial pressure (MAP) in shock management? Answer:
Greater than 65 mmHg
What is the mechanism of action of Norepinephrine? Answer: β1-Adrenergic agonist for
cardiac stimulation and α-Adrenergic agonist for peripheral vasoconstriction
What nursing implication is critical when administering Norepinephrine? Answer:
Central line is required to prevent tissue sloughing
What does Vasopressin do? Answer: Acts as a non-adrenergic vasoconstrictor and
increases MAP
What are the clinical manifestations of shock in the cardiovascular system? Answer:
Myocardial dysfunction, changes in temperature, and ejection fraction
What respiratory symptoms are associated with shock? Answer: Hyperventilation,
crackles, hypoxemia, and respiratory failure
What renal symptom indicates shock? Answer: Decreased urine output
What neurological changes can occur in shock? Answer: Alteration in mental status,
confusion, and agitation
2
APPHIA - Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
