POSC 225 Exam 1 UPDATED ACTUAL
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
Harvard IOP Survey - CORRECT ANSWER survey of young Americans showing
dissatisfaction with the country, partisan divides, declining trust, and frustration with political
parties
Partisan Polarization - CORRECT ANSWER growing ideological and emotional
divide between Democrats and Republicans
Negative Partisanship - CORRECT ANSWER political identity driven more by dislike
of the opposing party than loyalty to one's own
Interpersonal Trust - CORRECT ANSWER level of trust individuals have in one
another; declining trust weakens democracy
Representative Democracy - CORRECT ANSWER system where citizens elect
representatives to make policy decisions
Direct Democracy - CORRECT ANSWER system in which citizens directly vote on
laws or policies
Ballot Initiative - CORRECT ANSWER process allowing citizens to propose laws or
amendments by collecting signatures
Referendum - CORRECT ANSWER direct vote by citizens to approve or reject a law
Recall Election - CORRECT ANSWER process allowing voters to remove an elected
official before their term ends
Popular Sovereignty - CORRECT ANSWER principle that government authority
comes from the people
, Political Equality - CORRECT ANSWER principle that all citizens have equal political
rights, including equal voting power
Political Liberty - CORRECT ANSWER freedom to participate in politics, including
speech, press, and association
Natural Rights - CORRECT ANSWER rights inherent to all people, including life,
liberty, and the pursuit of happiness
Articles of Confederation - CORRECT ANSWER first U.S. constitution that created a
weak national government dominated by states
Shays' Rebellion - CORRECT ANSWER farmers' uprising that exposed weaknesses of
the Articles of Confederation
Virginia Plan - CORRECT ANSWER proposal for representation in Congress based on
population
New Jersey Plan - CORRECT ANSWER proposal for equal representation for states in
Congress
Great Compromise - CORRECT ANSWER creation of a bicameral legislature with
population-based House and equal Senate
Bill of Rights - CORRECT ANSWER first ten amendments protecting individual
liberties
Faction - CORRECT ANSWER group united by a common interest adverse to the
rights of others or the public good
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
Harvard IOP Survey - CORRECT ANSWER survey of young Americans showing
dissatisfaction with the country, partisan divides, declining trust, and frustration with political
parties
Partisan Polarization - CORRECT ANSWER growing ideological and emotional
divide between Democrats and Republicans
Negative Partisanship - CORRECT ANSWER political identity driven more by dislike
of the opposing party than loyalty to one's own
Interpersonal Trust - CORRECT ANSWER level of trust individuals have in one
another; declining trust weakens democracy
Representative Democracy - CORRECT ANSWER system where citizens elect
representatives to make policy decisions
Direct Democracy - CORRECT ANSWER system in which citizens directly vote on
laws or policies
Ballot Initiative - CORRECT ANSWER process allowing citizens to propose laws or
amendments by collecting signatures
Referendum - CORRECT ANSWER direct vote by citizens to approve or reject a law
Recall Election - CORRECT ANSWER process allowing voters to remove an elected
official before their term ends
Popular Sovereignty - CORRECT ANSWER principle that government authority
comes from the people
, Political Equality - CORRECT ANSWER principle that all citizens have equal political
rights, including equal voting power
Political Liberty - CORRECT ANSWER freedom to participate in politics, including
speech, press, and association
Natural Rights - CORRECT ANSWER rights inherent to all people, including life,
liberty, and the pursuit of happiness
Articles of Confederation - CORRECT ANSWER first U.S. constitution that created a
weak national government dominated by states
Shays' Rebellion - CORRECT ANSWER farmers' uprising that exposed weaknesses of
the Articles of Confederation
Virginia Plan - CORRECT ANSWER proposal for representation in Congress based on
population
New Jersey Plan - CORRECT ANSWER proposal for equal representation for states in
Congress
Great Compromise - CORRECT ANSWER creation of a bicameral legislature with
population-based House and equal Senate
Bill of Rights - CORRECT ANSWER first ten amendments protecting individual
liberties
Faction - CORRECT ANSWER group united by a common interest adverse to the
rights of others or the public good
