PSYC 331 CORE EXAMS SET 2026/2027 QUESTIONS AND
SOLUTIONS RATED A+
✔✔Traits - ✔✔Stable patterns of behavior, thoughts, and emotions.
✔✔Typologies - ✔✔Systems that classify people into personality categories.
✔✔Character - ✔✔Moral and ethical aspects of personality.
✔✔Rational Emotive Behavioral Perspective (REBT) - ✔✔Albert Ellis's theory that
emotional problems are caused by irrational beliefs.
✔✔psychoanalysis - ✔✔Freud's theory explaining personality through unconscious
motivations and conflicts.
✔✔Freud's early career - ✔✔Worked with patients suffering from hysteria and studied
unconscious mental processes.
✔✔Freud and Breuer - ✔✔Collaborated on early work showing that talking about
traumatic experiences could reduce symptoms.
✔✔Conscious mind - ✔✔Thoughts and perceptions we are aware of.
✔✔Unconscious mind - ✔✔Thoughts, memories, and desires outside conscious
awareness that influence behavior.
✔✔Freud's topographical model - ✔✔Divides the mind into conscious, preconscious,
and unconscious levels.
✔✔Freud's structural model - ✔✔Personality structure consisting of id, ego, and
superego.
✔✔Id - ✔✔The primitive part of personality driven by instinct and pleasure.
✔✔Ego - ✔✔The rational part of personality that balances id impulses with reality.
✔✔Superego - ✔✔The moral component of personality.
✔✔Ego ideal - ✔✔Part of the superego that represents ideal standards.
✔✔Conscience - ✔✔Part of the superego that produces guilt when rules are broken.
✔✔Freud's view of anxiety - ✔✔Anxiety occurs when unconscious conflicts threaten the
ego.
, ✔✔Repression - ✔✔Blocking distressing thoughts from awareness.
✔✔Regression - ✔✔Returning to earlier stages of development during stress.
✔✔Projection - ✔✔Attributing one's own unacceptable feelings to others.
✔✔Introjection - ✔✔Internalizing beliefs or values of others.
✔✔Intellectualization - ✔✔Avoiding emotions by focusing on logic.
✔✔Rationalization - ✔✔Justifying behavior with logical explanations.
✔✔Reaction formation - ✔✔Acting opposite to one's true feelings.
✔✔Sublimation - ✔✔Channeling unacceptable impulses into socially acceptable
behavior.
✔✔Oral stage (0-1) - ✔✔Pleasure focused on the mouth.
✔✔Anal stage (1-3) - ✔✔Pleasure focused on bowel control.
✔✔Phallic stage (3-6) - ✔✔Focus on genitals and parental attraction.
✔✔Oedipal complex - ✔✔Boys' unconscious attraction to their mother and rivalry with
father.
✔✔Electra complex - ✔✔Girls' attraction to father and rivalry with mother.
✔✔Latency stage (6-puberty) - ✔✔Sexual impulses are dormant.
✔✔Genital stage (puberty+) - ✔✔Mature sexual relationships develop.
✔✔Oral personality - ✔✔Dependent, passive, or overly trusting traits.
✔✔Anal personality - ✔✔Obsessive, orderly, or stubborn traits.
✔✔Phallic personality - ✔✔Competitive and self-centered traits.
✔✔Genital personality - ✔✔Psychologically healthy and mature personality.
✔✔Actual neurosis - ✔✔Anxiety caused by real physical tension.
SOLUTIONS RATED A+
✔✔Traits - ✔✔Stable patterns of behavior, thoughts, and emotions.
✔✔Typologies - ✔✔Systems that classify people into personality categories.
✔✔Character - ✔✔Moral and ethical aspects of personality.
✔✔Rational Emotive Behavioral Perspective (REBT) - ✔✔Albert Ellis's theory that
emotional problems are caused by irrational beliefs.
✔✔psychoanalysis - ✔✔Freud's theory explaining personality through unconscious
motivations and conflicts.
✔✔Freud's early career - ✔✔Worked with patients suffering from hysteria and studied
unconscious mental processes.
✔✔Freud and Breuer - ✔✔Collaborated on early work showing that talking about
traumatic experiences could reduce symptoms.
✔✔Conscious mind - ✔✔Thoughts and perceptions we are aware of.
✔✔Unconscious mind - ✔✔Thoughts, memories, and desires outside conscious
awareness that influence behavior.
✔✔Freud's topographical model - ✔✔Divides the mind into conscious, preconscious,
and unconscious levels.
✔✔Freud's structural model - ✔✔Personality structure consisting of id, ego, and
superego.
✔✔Id - ✔✔The primitive part of personality driven by instinct and pleasure.
✔✔Ego - ✔✔The rational part of personality that balances id impulses with reality.
✔✔Superego - ✔✔The moral component of personality.
✔✔Ego ideal - ✔✔Part of the superego that represents ideal standards.
✔✔Conscience - ✔✔Part of the superego that produces guilt when rules are broken.
✔✔Freud's view of anxiety - ✔✔Anxiety occurs when unconscious conflicts threaten the
ego.
, ✔✔Repression - ✔✔Blocking distressing thoughts from awareness.
✔✔Regression - ✔✔Returning to earlier stages of development during stress.
✔✔Projection - ✔✔Attributing one's own unacceptable feelings to others.
✔✔Introjection - ✔✔Internalizing beliefs or values of others.
✔✔Intellectualization - ✔✔Avoiding emotions by focusing on logic.
✔✔Rationalization - ✔✔Justifying behavior with logical explanations.
✔✔Reaction formation - ✔✔Acting opposite to one's true feelings.
✔✔Sublimation - ✔✔Channeling unacceptable impulses into socially acceptable
behavior.
✔✔Oral stage (0-1) - ✔✔Pleasure focused on the mouth.
✔✔Anal stage (1-3) - ✔✔Pleasure focused on bowel control.
✔✔Phallic stage (3-6) - ✔✔Focus on genitals and parental attraction.
✔✔Oedipal complex - ✔✔Boys' unconscious attraction to their mother and rivalry with
father.
✔✔Electra complex - ✔✔Girls' attraction to father and rivalry with mother.
✔✔Latency stage (6-puberty) - ✔✔Sexual impulses are dormant.
✔✔Genital stage (puberty+) - ✔✔Mature sexual relationships develop.
✔✔Oral personality - ✔✔Dependent, passive, or overly trusting traits.
✔✔Anal personality - ✔✔Obsessive, orderly, or stubborn traits.
✔✔Phallic personality - ✔✔Competitive and self-centered traits.
✔✔Genital personality - ✔✔Psychologically healthy and mature personality.
✔✔Actual neurosis - ✔✔Anxiety caused by real physical tension.
