PSYC 331 STUDY GUIDE 2026/2027 QUESTIONS AND
SOLUTIONS RATED A+
✔✔As part of his recovery from his personal crisis, William James adopted philosopher
and psychologist __________'s practice of repeating morally desirable actions (in
James's case, more optimistic thoughts) so that they become permanent and automatic
__________. - ✔✔Alexander Bain; habits
✔✔The finding that when certain stimulus-response sequences are followed by
pleasure they are strengthened and when followed by annoyance or pain they tend to
be "stamped out" exemplifies - ✔✔Thorndike's law of effect.
✔✔Who was the first African American to earn a Ph.D. in psychology? - ✔✔Francis
Cecil Sumner, supervised by Hall
✔✔Mary Whiton Calkins's research on "paired associates" revealed that - ✔✔numerals
associated with vivid colors were remembered somewhat better than those with neutral
colors.
✔✔Mamie Phipps Clark and Kenneth Clark were students of __________ and are
known for __________. - ✔✔Francis Cecil Sumner; conducting the famous doll studies
of racial identity in black and white children that were cited as part of the U.S. Supreme
Court case that desegregated public schools
✔✔G. Stanley Hall advocated which of the following approaches in his theory of child
development? - ✔✔A "recapitulationist" view, that individual development parallels the
evolution of the species
✔✔The system of psychology that grew out of Darwinian thinking and focuses attention
on the utility and purpose of behavior is known as - ✔✔functionalism
✔✔ Which of the following is NOT one of the benefits of studying the history of
psychology? - ✔✔allows us to predict future developments
✔✔Descartes believed that the - ✔✔body and mind interact and mutually influence
each other, with neither always dominating
✔✔Historians who argue that the "spirit of the times" influenced individuals'
achievements and the way they were received align with what approach to history? -
✔✔zeitgeist approach
✔✔Which of the following is NOT one of the categories that make up the human
psyche, according to Aristotle? - ✔✔Creativity
, ✔✔Democritus' atomic theory was unpopular because - ✔✔The contention that the
movement of atoms was random was counter to the dominant view that caused events
to have purpose.
✔✔Leibniz's sentient monads are presumably dominant in __________, while rational
monads reside in __________. - ✔✔animals; human beings
✔✔In the "Great Man" approach to history, the focus is on - ✔✔individual, eminent
people who contributed significantly to the field
✔✔Locke's Complex Ideas were defined as - ✔✔ideas produced when simple ideas are
combined by the mind in varying combinations.
✔✔After the fall of the Roman Empire many classical Greek works were preserved,
translated, and extended by scholars living in - ✔✔the Islamic Empire.
✔✔According to Aristotle, the vegetative soul is comprised of the two most fundamental
functions of the psyche. These functions are __________ and __________. -
✔✔growth; reproduction
✔✔What is a term used to describe the brain's neural plasticity, in which healthy areas
have the ability to take over the functions of damaged areas? - ✔✔equipotentiality
✔✔Damage to Wernicke's area produces - ✔✔inability to understand the spoken words
of others or oneself and mispronunciation in one's own speech.
✔✔Fritsch and Hitzig inaugurated the new era in brain research when they electrically
stimulated the cortex of a dog in 1870. The functional area they discovered when they
did so was the - ✔✔motor strip
✔✔Which of the following assumptions was an error of Gall's in his phrenological
theory? - ✔✔The shape of the skull accurately reflects the shape of the brain lying
beneath
✔✔Which of the following was the major technique used by Pierre Flourens in his
attempts to refute phrenological theory? - ✔✔experimental ablations from the brains of
animals
✔✔When you press gently on the side of your eyeball and experience the visual
sensation of colored light, you illustrate - ✔✔the law of specific nerve energies.
SOLUTIONS RATED A+
✔✔As part of his recovery from his personal crisis, William James adopted philosopher
and psychologist __________'s practice of repeating morally desirable actions (in
James's case, more optimistic thoughts) so that they become permanent and automatic
__________. - ✔✔Alexander Bain; habits
✔✔The finding that when certain stimulus-response sequences are followed by
pleasure they are strengthened and when followed by annoyance or pain they tend to
be "stamped out" exemplifies - ✔✔Thorndike's law of effect.
✔✔Who was the first African American to earn a Ph.D. in psychology? - ✔✔Francis
Cecil Sumner, supervised by Hall
✔✔Mary Whiton Calkins's research on "paired associates" revealed that - ✔✔numerals
associated with vivid colors were remembered somewhat better than those with neutral
colors.
✔✔Mamie Phipps Clark and Kenneth Clark were students of __________ and are
known for __________. - ✔✔Francis Cecil Sumner; conducting the famous doll studies
of racial identity in black and white children that were cited as part of the U.S. Supreme
Court case that desegregated public schools
✔✔G. Stanley Hall advocated which of the following approaches in his theory of child
development? - ✔✔A "recapitulationist" view, that individual development parallels the
evolution of the species
✔✔The system of psychology that grew out of Darwinian thinking and focuses attention
on the utility and purpose of behavior is known as - ✔✔functionalism
✔✔ Which of the following is NOT one of the benefits of studying the history of
psychology? - ✔✔allows us to predict future developments
✔✔Descartes believed that the - ✔✔body and mind interact and mutually influence
each other, with neither always dominating
✔✔Historians who argue that the "spirit of the times" influenced individuals'
achievements and the way they were received align with what approach to history? -
✔✔zeitgeist approach
✔✔Which of the following is NOT one of the categories that make up the human
psyche, according to Aristotle? - ✔✔Creativity
, ✔✔Democritus' atomic theory was unpopular because - ✔✔The contention that the
movement of atoms was random was counter to the dominant view that caused events
to have purpose.
✔✔Leibniz's sentient monads are presumably dominant in __________, while rational
monads reside in __________. - ✔✔animals; human beings
✔✔In the "Great Man" approach to history, the focus is on - ✔✔individual, eminent
people who contributed significantly to the field
✔✔Locke's Complex Ideas were defined as - ✔✔ideas produced when simple ideas are
combined by the mind in varying combinations.
✔✔After the fall of the Roman Empire many classical Greek works were preserved,
translated, and extended by scholars living in - ✔✔the Islamic Empire.
✔✔According to Aristotle, the vegetative soul is comprised of the two most fundamental
functions of the psyche. These functions are __________ and __________. -
✔✔growth; reproduction
✔✔What is a term used to describe the brain's neural plasticity, in which healthy areas
have the ability to take over the functions of damaged areas? - ✔✔equipotentiality
✔✔Damage to Wernicke's area produces - ✔✔inability to understand the spoken words
of others or oneself and mispronunciation in one's own speech.
✔✔Fritsch and Hitzig inaugurated the new era in brain research when they electrically
stimulated the cortex of a dog in 1870. The functional area they discovered when they
did so was the - ✔✔motor strip
✔✔Which of the following assumptions was an error of Gall's in his phrenological
theory? - ✔✔The shape of the skull accurately reflects the shape of the brain lying
beneath
✔✔Which of the following was the major technique used by Pierre Flourens in his
attempts to refute phrenological theory? - ✔✔experimental ablations from the brains of
animals
✔✔When you press gently on the side of your eyeball and experience the visual
sensation of colored light, you illustrate - ✔✔the law of specific nerve energies.
