PSYC 388 Final Exam Questions and
Correct Answers Graded A+
List 5 factors that influenced the development of counselling in Canada since the
1960s.
- There was a shift to group therapy in the 60s
- In the 90s, there was a focus on counselling issues related to the whole person.
-Canadian guidance Counsellor's association was created in 1965.
-Counselling became a distinct profession in the 1980s.
-The first counselling section was formed by CPA in 1986. This was important
because it distinguished counselling from other psychological professions.
-In 1989, CPA established accreditation criteria for their doctoral program in
counselling.
E.G. Williamson
Created the first counselling theory in the 1930s.
Clifford Beers
,He was hospitalized for mental illness. He advocated for better treatment of
patients and for better mental health facilities.
Frank Parsons
Founder of vocational guidance
Carl Rogers
Had a humanistic view; developed person-centered therapy.
Albert Ellis
Developed rational emotive therapy. It's a type of cognitive therapy that focuses
on changing the client's irrational beliefs.
Eric Berne
Father of transactional analysis. Said there are 3 ego states: the child, the adult,
and the parent.
Aaron Beck
,Pioneer in cognitive therapy. His method helps patients identify automatic
thoughts and reactions, and helps them develop more beneficial reactions.
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
(level 1) Physiological Needs, (level 2) Safety and Security, (level 3) Relationships,
Love and Affection, (level 4) Self Esteem, (level 5) Self Actualization
Diff between Canada and US in counselling
Counselling in USA grew out of professional psychology; in Canada grew out of
educational psychology.
1980s counselling also changed because of
attention to gender issues and sexual preferences, feminist theory, renewed
emphasis on moral development, challenges of working with different ethnic and
cultural groups.
Lawrence Kohlberg
moral development; presented boys moral dilemmas and studied their responses
and reasoning processes in making moral decisions. Most famous moral dilemma
is "Heinz" who has an ill wife and cannot afford the medication. Should he steal
the medication and why?
, Wellness Mode --2000
Wellness Mode --2000
Describe how the vocational guidance movement in public schools, and later in
Canadian colleges and universities, contributed to the growth of the profession
of counselling in Canada.
Counsellors and guidance counsellors started to replace teachers in schools in
areas of testing and counselling. School boards begin hiring full-time counsellors
as a result of the rising popularity of Rogers' humanistic approach. Counselling
became to be seen as a crucial part of schools and should be its own profession.
An important difference between psychiatrists and other allied mental health
professionals is:
their ability to provide and monitor psychotropic medication
Guidance deals with ___. counselling deals with ___
choice; change
Good qualities for effective counsellor (12)
Curiosity,
Correct Answers Graded A+
List 5 factors that influenced the development of counselling in Canada since the
1960s.
- There was a shift to group therapy in the 60s
- In the 90s, there was a focus on counselling issues related to the whole person.
-Canadian guidance Counsellor's association was created in 1965.
-Counselling became a distinct profession in the 1980s.
-The first counselling section was formed by CPA in 1986. This was important
because it distinguished counselling from other psychological professions.
-In 1989, CPA established accreditation criteria for their doctoral program in
counselling.
E.G. Williamson
Created the first counselling theory in the 1930s.
Clifford Beers
,He was hospitalized for mental illness. He advocated for better treatment of
patients and for better mental health facilities.
Frank Parsons
Founder of vocational guidance
Carl Rogers
Had a humanistic view; developed person-centered therapy.
Albert Ellis
Developed rational emotive therapy. It's a type of cognitive therapy that focuses
on changing the client's irrational beliefs.
Eric Berne
Father of transactional analysis. Said there are 3 ego states: the child, the adult,
and the parent.
Aaron Beck
,Pioneer in cognitive therapy. His method helps patients identify automatic
thoughts and reactions, and helps them develop more beneficial reactions.
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
(level 1) Physiological Needs, (level 2) Safety and Security, (level 3) Relationships,
Love and Affection, (level 4) Self Esteem, (level 5) Self Actualization
Diff between Canada and US in counselling
Counselling in USA grew out of professional psychology; in Canada grew out of
educational psychology.
1980s counselling also changed because of
attention to gender issues and sexual preferences, feminist theory, renewed
emphasis on moral development, challenges of working with different ethnic and
cultural groups.
Lawrence Kohlberg
moral development; presented boys moral dilemmas and studied their responses
and reasoning processes in making moral decisions. Most famous moral dilemma
is "Heinz" who has an ill wife and cannot afford the medication. Should he steal
the medication and why?
, Wellness Mode --2000
Wellness Mode --2000
Describe how the vocational guidance movement in public schools, and later in
Canadian colleges and universities, contributed to the growth of the profession
of counselling in Canada.
Counsellors and guidance counsellors started to replace teachers in schools in
areas of testing and counselling. School boards begin hiring full-time counsellors
as a result of the rising popularity of Rogers' humanistic approach. Counselling
became to be seen as a crucial part of schools and should be its own profession.
An important difference between psychiatrists and other allied mental health
professionals is:
their ability to provide and monitor psychotropic medication
Guidance deals with ___. counselling deals with ___
choice; change
Good qualities for effective counsellor (12)
Curiosity,
