Cellular injury and adaptation
1. In reversible cell injury all are true except
a. ATP depletion is responsible for acute cellular swelling
b. Can cause myocardial cells to cease contraction within 60 seconds
c. ATP is generated anaerobically from creatine phosphate
d. Mitochondrial swelling and degranulation of ER are hallmarks of irreversible cellular
injury
e. Is associated with myelin figures
2. Metaplasia
a. Is irreversible
b. Is commonly a change from squamous to columnar epithelium
c. An example is the transformation of epithelial cells into chondroblasts
d. Retinoids may play a role
e. Even if the stimuli is persistent it is a benign lesion
3. In apoptosis
a. It involves physiologic and pathologic stimuli
b. Histologically, it involves coagulation necrosis
c. Its DNA breakdown is random and diffuse
d. Its mechanism involves ATP depletion
e. It involves an inflammatory tissue reaction
4. Hyperplasia
a. Occurs after partial hepatectomy
b. Refers to an increase in the size of the cells
c. Is always pathological
d. Often occurs in cardiac and skeletal muscle
e. Usually progresses to cancerous proliferation
5. Metastatic calcification
a. Causes widespread tissue damage
b. Occurs with normal calcium levels
c. Can be caused by systemic sarcoidosis
d. Occurs in hypothyroidism
e. Is caused by drinking large quantities of milk
6. Which is incorrect in regards to apoptosis
a. It may be regarded as a normal physiological process
b. It is characterized by chromatin condensation
c. It often elicits a strong inflammatory response
d. It is the process by which ovaries atrophy in post-menopausal women
e. It is characterized by cell shrinkage
7. Coagulative necrosis
a. Results from necrosis in which cellular enzymatic digestion predominates over
denaturation
b. Is characterized by marked WBC infiltrate
c. Is uncommon after mi
d. Usually occurs after irreversible ischaemic cellular damage
e. Is not usually seen in association with caseating necrosis
1
, 8. Metaplasia is seen in all of the following except
a. Respiratory epithelium of smokers
b. Vitamin a excess
c. Barrett’s oesophagitis
d. Epithelium of a pancreatic duct containing stones
e. Foci of cell injury
9. Anaplasia is not characterized by
a. Pleomorphism
b. Abundant nuclear DNA
c. A nuclear : cytoplasm of 1 : 6
d. Coarsely clumped chromatin
e. Lack of differentiation
10. Apoptosis
a. Is usually stimulated by hypoxia
b. Produces a moderate degree of inflammation
c. Features chromatin aggregates
d. Is the underlying process in caseous necrosis
e. Is stimulated by decreased cytosolic calcium
11. Irreversible cell injury is characterized by
a. Dispersion of ribosomes
b. Cell swelling
c. Lysosomal rupture
d. Cell membrane defects
e. Nuclear chromatin clumping
12. Dystrophic calcification can be caused by
a. Sarcoidosis
b. Multiple myeloma
c. Advanced renal failure
d. Advanced atherosclerosis
e. All of the above
13. Metaplasia
a. Is an increase in the number and size of cells in a tissue
b. Is the process that occurs in Barrett’s oesophagitis
c. Is typically an irreversible process
d. In the respiratory tract preserves mucous secretion
e. Can be caused by Vit B12 deficiency
14. Which is correct
a. Hyperplasia constitutes an increase in the size of cells in an organ or tissue
b. Transudate has a protein level of <30g/dL, SG<1.012 and LDH<200mmol/L
c. Apoptosis is reversible
d. Failure of Na/K ATP-ase membrane transport is an irreversible process
e. Morphological changes evident of irreversible cell injury includes clumping of chromatin
2
1. In reversible cell injury all are true except
a. ATP depletion is responsible for acute cellular swelling
b. Can cause myocardial cells to cease contraction within 60 seconds
c. ATP is generated anaerobically from creatine phosphate
d. Mitochondrial swelling and degranulation of ER are hallmarks of irreversible cellular
injury
e. Is associated with myelin figures
2. Metaplasia
a. Is irreversible
b. Is commonly a change from squamous to columnar epithelium
c. An example is the transformation of epithelial cells into chondroblasts
d. Retinoids may play a role
e. Even if the stimuli is persistent it is a benign lesion
3. In apoptosis
a. It involves physiologic and pathologic stimuli
b. Histologically, it involves coagulation necrosis
c. Its DNA breakdown is random and diffuse
d. Its mechanism involves ATP depletion
e. It involves an inflammatory tissue reaction
4. Hyperplasia
a. Occurs after partial hepatectomy
b. Refers to an increase in the size of the cells
c. Is always pathological
d. Often occurs in cardiac and skeletal muscle
e. Usually progresses to cancerous proliferation
5. Metastatic calcification
a. Causes widespread tissue damage
b. Occurs with normal calcium levels
c. Can be caused by systemic sarcoidosis
d. Occurs in hypothyroidism
e. Is caused by drinking large quantities of milk
6. Which is incorrect in regards to apoptosis
a. It may be regarded as a normal physiological process
b. It is characterized by chromatin condensation
c. It often elicits a strong inflammatory response
d. It is the process by which ovaries atrophy in post-menopausal women
e. It is characterized by cell shrinkage
7. Coagulative necrosis
a. Results from necrosis in which cellular enzymatic digestion predominates over
denaturation
b. Is characterized by marked WBC infiltrate
c. Is uncommon after mi
d. Usually occurs after irreversible ischaemic cellular damage
e. Is not usually seen in association with caseating necrosis
1
, 8. Metaplasia is seen in all of the following except
a. Respiratory epithelium of smokers
b. Vitamin a excess
c. Barrett’s oesophagitis
d. Epithelium of a pancreatic duct containing stones
e. Foci of cell injury
9. Anaplasia is not characterized by
a. Pleomorphism
b. Abundant nuclear DNA
c. A nuclear : cytoplasm of 1 : 6
d. Coarsely clumped chromatin
e. Lack of differentiation
10. Apoptosis
a. Is usually stimulated by hypoxia
b. Produces a moderate degree of inflammation
c. Features chromatin aggregates
d. Is the underlying process in caseous necrosis
e. Is stimulated by decreased cytosolic calcium
11. Irreversible cell injury is characterized by
a. Dispersion of ribosomes
b. Cell swelling
c. Lysosomal rupture
d. Cell membrane defects
e. Nuclear chromatin clumping
12. Dystrophic calcification can be caused by
a. Sarcoidosis
b. Multiple myeloma
c. Advanced renal failure
d. Advanced atherosclerosis
e. All of the above
13. Metaplasia
a. Is an increase in the number and size of cells in a tissue
b. Is the process that occurs in Barrett’s oesophagitis
c. Is typically an irreversible process
d. In the respiratory tract preserves mucous secretion
e. Can be caused by Vit B12 deficiency
14. Which is correct
a. Hyperplasia constitutes an increase in the size of cells in an organ or tissue
b. Transudate has a protein level of <30g/dL, SG<1.012 and LDH<200mmol/L
c. Apoptosis is reversible
d. Failure of Na/K ATP-ase membrane transport is an irreversible process
e. Morphological changes evident of irreversible cell injury includes clumping of chromatin
2
