QUESTIONS AND 100% VERIFIED ANSWERS |
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A Special High Risk Group = Visiting Friends and Relatives
- answer-• Generally likely to be exposed to higher risks than tourists, often longer
stay
• Much less likely to avail themselves of travel advice
• Account for a large proportion of malaria & typhoid cases in returned travelers
- The pharmacy may be their only source of pre-travel contact with the health
system
Atovaquone/Proguanil
- answer-• Effective (but resistance already emerging)
• Daily administration
• Well tolerated
• Expensive ~$5/day
• Can be stopped 3-7 days after leaving transmission zone
• (4 tablets daily X 3 days= treatment dose)
Causes of Death
- answer-• Cardiac for older travellers
• Car accidents for younger travellers
• Malaria #1 among infectious causes
Chikungunya
- answer-• Transmitted by the same vector as dengue
• Acute febrile illness with low mortality but high rate of persistent joint pain
• Formerly in the Indian Ocean mainly; since Dec 2013, > 1 million cases in
Caribbean & basin
Clinical Effects of Malaria (P. f)
- answer-• Asymptomatic or intermittently symptomatic in semi-immune hosts
• Febrile illness with temporary disability
• Anemia, multiple mechanisms
• Organ failure (brain, kidney, lung, etc.)
, • Death
• Adverse pregnancy outcomes
• Regular exposure confers some immunity, but virtually all Canadians at risk for
severe disease if infected
CQ as Prophylactic Malaria Tx
- answer-- Safe, cheap, still works vs. P falciparum in Central America & Haiti
- Works vs. most vivax, probably all ovale, malariae and knowlesi
- Safe in pregnancy
- Eye disease not a problem in malaria use
- Can cause severe pruritis in black people
-***Resistance in P. falciparum in most of the malaria endemic world
- Treatment & prophylaxic drug of choice for rare susceptible parasites
Dengue
- answer-• Causes more illness & death than any other human arthropod borne
virus
- 2.5 billion live in endemic areas
- 100 million cases dengue, several 100 thousand dengue hemorrhagic fever
- +/- 20,000 deaths/year
• Main vector:
-Aedes aegypti (day-biting mosquito)
-Aedes albopictus (Asian tiger mosquito) can also transmit
Dengue Epidemiology
- answer-• Tropical Americas & Caribbean, SE Asia, also Africa
• *Available at Club Med, WestJet destinations
• *Effectively transmitted in cities
• Transmission documented in Florida, Texas, Hawaii
• Rapidly increasing #'s, expanding territory!
Dengue Prevention
- answer-- Personal protective measures (daytime)
-Aedes aegypti control
- Vaccine in advanced development
Dengue: The Disease and Treatment
- answer-• Disease:
- Unpleasant, non-specific self-limited febrile illness +/- rash in vast majority of
cases