CLASS 10 NOTES
SCIENCE
Carbon and It’s
Compound
PRASHANT KIRAD
, PRASHANT KIRAD
Atomic Number of Carbon 6
Carbon achieves stability with 4 electrons in its outermost
shell. While it could gain four electrons to form a carbon
anion, removing electrons poses challenges due to the
substantial energy requirement. Gaining or losing electrons
influences the formation of bonds in chemical compounds.
To solve this issue, carbon shares its outer electrons with other carbon or
different atoms. This sharing helps both atoms reach a stable configuration,
similar to noble gases. This sharing is called covalent bonding.
D
RA
Examples of Covalent Bonding: KI
Formation of Hydrogen Molecule:
The hydrogen molecule (H 2 ) forms when two hydrogen atoms come close together.
T
Each hydrogen atom shares its electron with the other, creating a covalent bond.
AN
This sharing completes their outer electron shells, making the molecule stable.
The chemical equation for this process is H + H → H 2
H
AS
PR
Formation of chlorine Molecule (Cl 2):
Chlorine gas (Cl 2) forms when two chlorine atoms combine. Each chlorine atom
contributes one electron, creating a covalent bond. This shared electron pair
satisfies the octet rule, making the molecule stable. The chemical equation
Formation of Oxygen Molecule (O2 ):
Two oxygen atoms combine to form an oxygen molecule (O2). The chemical equation
is 2O → O2 showing that two oxygen atoms come together to create one oxygen
molecule.
, PRASHANT KIRAD
Formation of Nitrogen Molecule (N 2):
Two nitrogen atoms combine to form a nitrogen molecule (N2 ). The chemical
equation is N + N → N2 indicating that two nitrogen atoms come together to create
one nitrogen molecule.
D
RA
Formation of Methane (CH 4):
Methane CH 4 forms when one carbon atom combines with four hydrogen atoms. The
KI
chemical equation for this is C + 4H2→ CH 4 indicating the combination of carbon
and hydrogen to produce methane.
T
AN
H
AS
PR
Methane, or marsh gas, is a vital fuel used in CNG and Biogas. It not only serves as
a potent energy source but also participates in reactions forming essential
compounds like (Ammonia NH 3 ),(Water H 2 O), and (Carbon Dioxide CO2) This
versatility underscores its significance in both energy and environmental contexts.
Formation of Sulphur (S 8 ):
SCIENCE
Carbon and It’s
Compound
PRASHANT KIRAD
, PRASHANT KIRAD
Atomic Number of Carbon 6
Carbon achieves stability with 4 electrons in its outermost
shell. While it could gain four electrons to form a carbon
anion, removing electrons poses challenges due to the
substantial energy requirement. Gaining or losing electrons
influences the formation of bonds in chemical compounds.
To solve this issue, carbon shares its outer electrons with other carbon or
different atoms. This sharing helps both atoms reach a stable configuration,
similar to noble gases. This sharing is called covalent bonding.
D
RA
Examples of Covalent Bonding: KI
Formation of Hydrogen Molecule:
The hydrogen molecule (H 2 ) forms when two hydrogen atoms come close together.
T
Each hydrogen atom shares its electron with the other, creating a covalent bond.
AN
This sharing completes their outer electron shells, making the molecule stable.
The chemical equation for this process is H + H → H 2
H
AS
PR
Formation of chlorine Molecule (Cl 2):
Chlorine gas (Cl 2) forms when two chlorine atoms combine. Each chlorine atom
contributes one electron, creating a covalent bond. This shared electron pair
satisfies the octet rule, making the molecule stable. The chemical equation
Formation of Oxygen Molecule (O2 ):
Two oxygen atoms combine to form an oxygen molecule (O2). The chemical equation
is 2O → O2 showing that two oxygen atoms come together to create one oxygen
molecule.
, PRASHANT KIRAD
Formation of Nitrogen Molecule (N 2):
Two nitrogen atoms combine to form a nitrogen molecule (N2 ). The chemical
equation is N + N → N2 indicating that two nitrogen atoms come together to create
one nitrogen molecule.
D
RA
Formation of Methane (CH 4):
Methane CH 4 forms when one carbon atom combines with four hydrogen atoms. The
KI
chemical equation for this is C + 4H2→ CH 4 indicating the combination of carbon
and hydrogen to produce methane.
T
AN
H
AS
PR
Methane, or marsh gas, is a vital fuel used in CNG and Biogas. It not only serves as
a potent energy source but also participates in reactions forming essential
compounds like (Ammonia NH 3 ),(Water H 2 O), and (Carbon Dioxide CO2) This
versatility underscores its significance in both energy and environmental contexts.
Formation of Sulphur (S 8 ):
