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Terms in this set (41)
Erik Erickson focus on the mind
Skinner Observable behavior
Abraham maslow the human being is more complex; a holistic approach
He devised a theory of a hierarchy of needs. He
Abraham Maslow (1906- proposed that when a need is met, the need goes
1970) away. Unmet needs remain. As needs are met, people
move to higher levels of consciousness.
Deficiency needs social needs, safety needs, and physiological needs
Growth needs esteem needs, self actuation
If deficiency needs are people are able to address growth needs.
met,
Physical Development Birth to 8 year old
He noticed that cognitive development (how
Jean Piaget (1896-1980) knowledge develops) undergoes transitions at about
age 2, 7 and 11.
, 7 to 11 years of age
* "Hands on" thinking
o Identity (material remains same despite changes)
o Compensation (change in one thing can be
Concrete Operations
compensated by change in another)
o Reversibility (ability to reverse a process)
* Classification
* Seriation (understanding of sequential relationships)
2 to 7 years of age
* Semiotic function - ability to use symbols.
Preoperational * One-way logic.
* Difficulty with the principle of conservation.
* Egocentrism - Collective monologue.
0 to 2 years of age
* Learning through 5 senses.
Sensorimotor
* Develops object permanence.
* The beginning of goal-directed actions.
11 to adulthood
* Focus shifts from "what is" to "what might be".
* Hypothetico-deductive reasoning.
Formal Operations
* Abstract thinking.
* "Scientific" reasoning.
* Adolescent egocentrism & imaginary audience.
* Not all individuals reach this stage.
Five Contributions of Social Interaction, Private Speech, Scaffolding,
Vygotsky to Assisted Learning, Zone of Proximal Development
Understanding of
Cognitive Development