5024 Early Childhood Praxis- Exam Questions with Complete Answers (Grade A+)
phonics the connection between the sounds and letters on a page
graphemes letters
phonemes individual sounds - small sound units; the smallest contrastive unity in a
language system, the representation of a sound
phonemic awareness The ability to hear and manipulate individual phonemes.
Phonological awareness an awareness of the phonological structure, or sound structure,
of language
onset beginning sound of a word or syllable
rime ending sound of a word or syllable
Commutative Laws say we can swap numbers over and still get the same answer;
changing the order of addends or factors, does not affect the sum or product; a + b = b + a; a ×
b=b×a
Associative Laws say that it doesn't matter how we group the numbers (i.e. which we
calculate first);the order in which the numbers are grouped, does not affect the sum or
product; (a + b) + c = a + (b + c); (a × b) × c = a × (b × c)
Distributive Laws says adding two or more numbers together, then multiplying the sum
by a factor is equal to multiplying each sum alone by the factor first then adding the products; 3
lots of (2+4) is the same as 3 lots of 2 plus 3 lots of 4; So, the 3× can be "distributed" across the
2+4, into 3×2 and 3×4; a × (b + c) = a × b + a × c
,Additive Identity is 0; if you add zero (0) to an addend, the sum will be equal to that
addend; a + 0 = a
Multiplicative Identity is 1; if you multiply a factor by one (1), the product will be equal to
the factor; a X 1 = a
student centered models inquiry, discovery, cooperative, pair-share, jigsaw, STAD,
teams, games, collaborative learning,concept models, discussion models, labs, project-based
learning, simulations
age equivalent score mean chronological age represented by a certain test score
casual relationship explains why behaviors occur
goodness of gift a concept that refers to a match of the child's temperament and the
demands of the environment
primary individual differences individual experiences, talents, motivations, and prior
learning (SCHEMA)
interovserver between testers
accomodation Adapting one's current understandings (schemas) to incorporate new
information.
metacognition A term used to describe what, how, and why people know what they
know when they know it.
, Erik Erikson 8 stages of psychological development - Psychosocial development (trust vs.
mistrust)
learning approach a language acquisition theory that assumed that language
development evolved from learning the rules of language structures and applying them through
imitation and reinforcement
linguistic approach a language acquisition theory that states that language ability is
innate and develops through natural human maturation as environmental stimuli trigger the
acquisition of syntactical structures appropriate to each exposure level
cognitive approach a language acquisition theory that states that children acquire
knowledge of linguistic structures after they have acquired the cognitive structures necessary
to process language
sociocogmitive approach a language acquisition theory that states that the different
aspects of linguistic, cognitive, and social knowledge are interactive elements of total human
development
minimal pair a pair of words that are identical except for the sound repesented by a
single phoneme
morophology the study of word structure
semantics refers to the meaning expressed when words are arranged in a specific way
syntax refers to the rules or patterned relationships that correctly create phrases and
sentences from words
phonics the connection between the sounds and letters on a page
graphemes letters
phonemes individual sounds - small sound units; the smallest contrastive unity in a
language system, the representation of a sound
phonemic awareness The ability to hear and manipulate individual phonemes.
Phonological awareness an awareness of the phonological structure, or sound structure,
of language
onset beginning sound of a word or syllable
rime ending sound of a word or syllable
Commutative Laws say we can swap numbers over and still get the same answer;
changing the order of addends or factors, does not affect the sum or product; a + b = b + a; a ×
b=b×a
Associative Laws say that it doesn't matter how we group the numbers (i.e. which we
calculate first);the order in which the numbers are grouped, does not affect the sum or
product; (a + b) + c = a + (b + c); (a × b) × c = a × (b × c)
Distributive Laws says adding two or more numbers together, then multiplying the sum
by a factor is equal to multiplying each sum alone by the factor first then adding the products; 3
lots of (2+4) is the same as 3 lots of 2 plus 3 lots of 4; So, the 3× can be "distributed" across the
2+4, into 3×2 and 3×4; a × (b + c) = a × b + a × c
,Additive Identity is 0; if you add zero (0) to an addend, the sum will be equal to that
addend; a + 0 = a
Multiplicative Identity is 1; if you multiply a factor by one (1), the product will be equal to
the factor; a X 1 = a
student centered models inquiry, discovery, cooperative, pair-share, jigsaw, STAD,
teams, games, collaborative learning,concept models, discussion models, labs, project-based
learning, simulations
age equivalent score mean chronological age represented by a certain test score
casual relationship explains why behaviors occur
goodness of gift a concept that refers to a match of the child's temperament and the
demands of the environment
primary individual differences individual experiences, talents, motivations, and prior
learning (SCHEMA)
interovserver between testers
accomodation Adapting one's current understandings (schemas) to incorporate new
information.
metacognition A term used to describe what, how, and why people know what they
know when they know it.
, Erik Erikson 8 stages of psychological development - Psychosocial development (trust vs.
mistrust)
learning approach a language acquisition theory that assumed that language
development evolved from learning the rules of language structures and applying them through
imitation and reinforcement
linguistic approach a language acquisition theory that states that language ability is
innate and develops through natural human maturation as environmental stimuli trigger the
acquisition of syntactical structures appropriate to each exposure level
cognitive approach a language acquisition theory that states that children acquire
knowledge of linguistic structures after they have acquired the cognitive structures necessary
to process language
sociocogmitive approach a language acquisition theory that states that the different
aspects of linguistic, cognitive, and social knowledge are interactive elements of total human
development
minimal pair a pair of words that are identical except for the sound repesented by a
single phoneme
morophology the study of word structure
semantics refers to the meaning expressed when words are arranged in a specific way
syntax refers to the rules or patterned relationships that correctly create phrases and
sentences from words
