Cognitive Delay -When a child does not reach certain milestones around thinking,
problem solving, reasoning, understanding, and remembering
-difficulty learning and remembering simple routines
cooperative learning Approach to instruction in which students work with a small group
of peers to achieve a common goal and help one another learn.
cooperative play play in which children genuinely interact with one another, taking turns,
playing games, or devising contests
Premature child's gestation age Subtracting prematurity weeks from post-natal age
outward manifestation of beginning symbolization One of the processes by which
children learn to construct knowledge of themselves (Scribbling)
Fine Motor skills 3 Years Old String large beads onto shoe laces
Turn knobs and unscrew lids, put lids on post, unwrap candy, etc.
Put three or four pieces into a puzzle board
Dig and scoop sand or water
Use scissors
Hold a pencil in an approximate thumb-and-finger grip
Attempt to copy a drawn circle
Attempt to imitate a drawn cross
Attempt to imitate a horizontal and vertical stroke
Fine Motor Skills 4 years old By 48 months, most children:
String small beads onto shoe laces
,Continues to fit together manipulatives and connecting toys (e.g., Legos, bristle blocks)
Use scissors with purpose
Hold a regular pencil using an adult grip
Imitate a horizontal and vertical stroke
Imitate a drawn cross
Imitate a drawn circle
Write letter or numeral-like forms
Fine motor skills 5 years old Fold a piece of paper with accuracy and symmetry
Work a puzzles of up to 10 pieces
Use simple tools (e.g., stapler, hole punch, scissors, tape dispenser)
Hold paper and begin to cut with scissors along a straight line
Draw recognizable shapes
Write some letters and numerals
Gross Motor Skills 3 years old Play "catch" using a large rubber ball
Throw underhand with some direction
Climb on outdoor play equipment
Change direction while walking or running
Stop suddenly after running (displaying increased coordination and regulation of large muscles)
Climb upstairs using alternating feet; walk downstairs, placing both feet on one step before
approaching each subsequent step down
Jump forward at least six inches
Move in, under, and over objects in the environment with ease
gross motor 4 years Run up to a ball and kick it while maintaining balance
Walk or run around obstacles and corners
, Walk up and down stairs, alternating feet
Understand the position or orientation of their body to other objects and people
Pedal a tricycle
Aim and throw a ball overhand toward a target
Bounce a ball
Hit a stationary ball with a plastic or foam bat
Use arms and legs in a coordinated manner to "pump" on a swing
Jump off a bottom step with two feet
Jump with two feet over small objects
gross motor 5 years Catch a small ball with two hands
Bounce a ball and catch it
Aim and throw a ball with some accuracy
Hop forward on one foot without losing balance
Walk along a beam or edge
Gallop
Skip
Run with control and balance, making quick turns without losing speed and quick stops
Demonstrate how their body can move forward, backward, left and right
Demonstrate how their body can move fast or slow
classroom management Establishment and maintenance of a classroom environment
conducive to learning and achievement.
Bowlby's attachment theory The pattern of an infants attachment to its primary
caregiver is the basis for future social relationships. A child who experiences neglect and
deprivation during infancy is a risk for later difficulties in establishing social relationships.