NSG 233 MED SURG 3 EXAM 2 2026-2027
NEWEST QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS |
A+ GRADE VERIFIED SCORE| HERZING
What is the primary factor that causes blood pressure to
dysregulate in a patient who has suffered a spinal cord
injury? Correct Answer Elevations of the head or position
changes.
What are some nursing interventions to reduce the
frequency of hypotensive episodes in patients who have
suffered a spinal cord injury? Correct Answer - closely
monitor vital signs before and during position changes.
- optimization of fluid status and vasopressor medications
to treat profound vasodilation.
- anti-embolism stockings to improve venous return from
lower extremities.
- abdominal binders when patient is upright.
- slow progression of position changes from recumbent to
sitting upright.
Define Autonomic Dysreflexia (AD)? Correct Answer
Severe headache with hypertension, nausea, nasal
congestion, and bradycardia.
Autonomic dysreflexia (AD) is a potentially life-threatening
medical condition that can occur in people with spinal cord
injuries in the upper back. It occurs when the nervous
system overreacts to something below the site of the
,injury, leading to uncontrolled hypertension, cardiac
arrhythmia, and other symptoms.
What are the three most common causes of AD? Correct
Answer 1. distended bladder (MOST COMMON).
2. distention/contraction of the visceral organs.
3. stimulation of the skin (tactile, pain, thermal, stimuli,
pressure injury).
What are some nursing management considerations or
interventions for patients with spinal cord injuries? Correct
Answer - avoid external pressure on lower extremities.
- do NOT raise knee gatch when patient is laying down.
- closely monitor vital signs (specifically BP) before and
during position changes.
- contractures and other complications may be prevented
by range of motion exercises.
- careful inspection of the skin is made each time the
patient is turned. Pressure sensitive areas should be kept
well lubricated and soft with oil or emollient lotion.
What are two pharmacologic interventions to dehydrate
the brain tissue and reduce cerebral edema? Correct
Answer 1. Mannitol osmotic diuretic).
2. Hypertonic saline (3%).
Why is Mannitol given? Correct Answer To control
cerebral edema and swelling.
What is Baclofen? What is it used for? Correct Answer An
anti-spasmodic (muscle relaxant).
,Agonist specific inhibitor to GABAB receptors in the spinal
cord. It's mechanism of action is to restrict the influx of
calcium to decrease neurotransmitter release in the spine.
This is how it alleviates s/s of spasticity.
What are some adverse reactions of this Baclofen? What
are three major teaching points? Correct Answer Adverse
reactions
- drowsiness.
- dizziness.
- weakness.
- fatigue.
- confusion.
- headache.
- insomnia.
- urinary frequency.
- HYPOTENSION.
- CNS DEPRESSION.
Teaching points
- DO NOT abruptly stop taking this medication.
- avoid alcohol.
- Stand slowly, this medication may cause orthostatic
HoTN.
What Dantrolene? How does it work (MOA)? Correct
Answer A direct-acting skeletal muscle relaxant.
The mechanism of action for this medication is to interfere
with the release of calcium from skeletal muscle.
, What is conditions is Dantrolene used for? Correct Answer
Controls spasticity for patients with...
- Multiple Sclerosis.
- Cerebral Palsy.
- Spinal Cord Injury.
- Stroke.
What are the adverse reactions of Dantrolene? What are
some important patient teaching points? Correct Answer
Adverse reactions
- drowsiness.
- dizziness.
- diarrhea.
- fatigue.
- hepatitis.
Patient Teaching
- BLACK BOX: liver function tests needed regularly.
- contraindicated in patients with liver failure or issues.
What are the major medications reviewed in this unit
needed for traumatic brain injuries and spinal cord
injuries? Correct Answer 1. Phenytoin (Dilantin): controls
seizures.
2. Propofol (dipravan): IV anesthetic, sedative, hypnotic.
3. Mannitol: osmotic diuretic to decrease ICP.
4. Baclofen: an antispasmodic to reduce s/s of spasticity.
5. Dantrolene: skeletal muscle relaxant to inhibit s/s of
spasticity.
NEWEST QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS |
A+ GRADE VERIFIED SCORE| HERZING
What is the primary factor that causes blood pressure to
dysregulate in a patient who has suffered a spinal cord
injury? Correct Answer Elevations of the head or position
changes.
What are some nursing interventions to reduce the
frequency of hypotensive episodes in patients who have
suffered a spinal cord injury? Correct Answer - closely
monitor vital signs before and during position changes.
- optimization of fluid status and vasopressor medications
to treat profound vasodilation.
- anti-embolism stockings to improve venous return from
lower extremities.
- abdominal binders when patient is upright.
- slow progression of position changes from recumbent to
sitting upright.
Define Autonomic Dysreflexia (AD)? Correct Answer
Severe headache with hypertension, nausea, nasal
congestion, and bradycardia.
Autonomic dysreflexia (AD) is a potentially life-threatening
medical condition that can occur in people with spinal cord
injuries in the upper back. It occurs when the nervous
system overreacts to something below the site of the
,injury, leading to uncontrolled hypertension, cardiac
arrhythmia, and other symptoms.
What are the three most common causes of AD? Correct
Answer 1. distended bladder (MOST COMMON).
2. distention/contraction of the visceral organs.
3. stimulation of the skin (tactile, pain, thermal, stimuli,
pressure injury).
What are some nursing management considerations or
interventions for patients with spinal cord injuries? Correct
Answer - avoid external pressure on lower extremities.
- do NOT raise knee gatch when patient is laying down.
- closely monitor vital signs (specifically BP) before and
during position changes.
- contractures and other complications may be prevented
by range of motion exercises.
- careful inspection of the skin is made each time the
patient is turned. Pressure sensitive areas should be kept
well lubricated and soft with oil or emollient lotion.
What are two pharmacologic interventions to dehydrate
the brain tissue and reduce cerebral edema? Correct
Answer 1. Mannitol osmotic diuretic).
2. Hypertonic saline (3%).
Why is Mannitol given? Correct Answer To control
cerebral edema and swelling.
What is Baclofen? What is it used for? Correct Answer An
anti-spasmodic (muscle relaxant).
,Agonist specific inhibitor to GABAB receptors in the spinal
cord. It's mechanism of action is to restrict the influx of
calcium to decrease neurotransmitter release in the spine.
This is how it alleviates s/s of spasticity.
What are some adverse reactions of this Baclofen? What
are three major teaching points? Correct Answer Adverse
reactions
- drowsiness.
- dizziness.
- weakness.
- fatigue.
- confusion.
- headache.
- insomnia.
- urinary frequency.
- HYPOTENSION.
- CNS DEPRESSION.
Teaching points
- DO NOT abruptly stop taking this medication.
- avoid alcohol.
- Stand slowly, this medication may cause orthostatic
HoTN.
What Dantrolene? How does it work (MOA)? Correct
Answer A direct-acting skeletal muscle relaxant.
The mechanism of action for this medication is to interfere
with the release of calcium from skeletal muscle.
, What is conditions is Dantrolene used for? Correct Answer
Controls spasticity for patients with...
- Multiple Sclerosis.
- Cerebral Palsy.
- Spinal Cord Injury.
- Stroke.
What are the adverse reactions of Dantrolene? What are
some important patient teaching points? Correct Answer
Adverse reactions
- drowsiness.
- dizziness.
- diarrhea.
- fatigue.
- hepatitis.
Patient Teaching
- BLACK BOX: liver function tests needed regularly.
- contraindicated in patients with liver failure or issues.
What are the major medications reviewed in this unit
needed for traumatic brain injuries and spinal cord
injuries? Correct Answer 1. Phenytoin (Dilantin): controls
seizures.
2. Propofol (dipravan): IV anesthetic, sedative, hypnotic.
3. Mannitol: osmotic diuretic to decrease ICP.
4. Baclofen: an antispasmodic to reduce s/s of spasticity.
5. Dantrolene: skeletal muscle relaxant to inhibit s/s of
spasticity.
