MSN 671 Final Exam UPDATED ACTUAL
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
What is classic neurotransmission? - CORRECT ANSWER Communication between
neurons involving action potentials, calcium influx, vesicle fusion, neurotransmitter release,
and receptor binding.
What triggers vesicle fusion in neurotransmission? - CORRECT ANSWER Calcium
influx through voltage-gated calcium channels.
How is the signal terminated in neurotransmission? - CORRECT ANSWER By
reuptake transporters, enzymatic degradation, and diffusion.
What is the function of ligand-gated ion channels? - CORRECT ANSWER They open
when a neurotransmitter binds.
What is the role of voltage-sensitive ion channels? - CORRECT ANSWER They open
due to membrane depolarization.
What is the function of sodium-charged ion channels? - CORRECT ANSWER They
allow sodium influx, leading to depolarization.
What neurotransmitter is associated with focus and energy? - CORRECT
ANSWER Norepinephrine.
What role does acetylcholine play in the body? - CORRECT ANSWER It is involved
in memory, muscle contraction, and the peripheral nervous system.
What is melatonin's role in the body? - CORRECT ANSWER It regulates circadian
rhythms and sleep-wake cycles.
, What is the effect of low serotonin levels? - CORRECT ANSWER It is associated with
depression and impulsivity.
What causes tardive dyskinesia? - CORRECT ANSWER Long-term D2 receptor
blockade in the nigrostriatal pathway.
What is galactorrhea? - CORRECT ANSWER Breast discharge caused by elevated
prolactin levels due to dopamine blockade.
What monitoring is required for patients on second-generation antipsychotics? - CORRECT
ANSWER Blood pressure, weight/BMI, waist circumference, fasted glucose/HbA1C,
and lipid panel.
What are approved treatments for bipolar depression? - CORRECT
ANSWER Quetiapine, Lurasidone, Olanzapine, Cariprazine, Lumateperone.
What agents can augment SSRIs/SNRIs in unipolar depression? - CORRECT
ANSWER Atypical antipsychotics, lithium, or esketamine.
Which antipsychotics are associated with the greatest weight gain? - CORRECT
ANSWER Clozapine and Olanzapine.
What are the side effects of alpha-1 antagonists? - CORRECT ANSWER Orthostatic
hypotension, dizziness, and reflex tachycardia.
What are the side effects of anticholinergic drugs? - CORRECT ANSWER Dry mouth,
constipation, urinary retention, blurred vision, and confusion.
What is akathisia? - CORRECT ANSWER A subjective feeling of inner restlessness.
What are the symptoms of neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS)? - CORRECT
ANSWER Lead-pipe rigidity, fever, altered mental status, and autonomic instability.
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
What is classic neurotransmission? - CORRECT ANSWER Communication between
neurons involving action potentials, calcium influx, vesicle fusion, neurotransmitter release,
and receptor binding.
What triggers vesicle fusion in neurotransmission? - CORRECT ANSWER Calcium
influx through voltage-gated calcium channels.
How is the signal terminated in neurotransmission? - CORRECT ANSWER By
reuptake transporters, enzymatic degradation, and diffusion.
What is the function of ligand-gated ion channels? - CORRECT ANSWER They open
when a neurotransmitter binds.
What is the role of voltage-sensitive ion channels? - CORRECT ANSWER They open
due to membrane depolarization.
What is the function of sodium-charged ion channels? - CORRECT ANSWER They
allow sodium influx, leading to depolarization.
What neurotransmitter is associated with focus and energy? - CORRECT
ANSWER Norepinephrine.
What role does acetylcholine play in the body? - CORRECT ANSWER It is involved
in memory, muscle contraction, and the peripheral nervous system.
What is melatonin's role in the body? - CORRECT ANSWER It regulates circadian
rhythms and sleep-wake cycles.
, What is the effect of low serotonin levels? - CORRECT ANSWER It is associated with
depression and impulsivity.
What causes tardive dyskinesia? - CORRECT ANSWER Long-term D2 receptor
blockade in the nigrostriatal pathway.
What is galactorrhea? - CORRECT ANSWER Breast discharge caused by elevated
prolactin levels due to dopamine blockade.
What monitoring is required for patients on second-generation antipsychotics? - CORRECT
ANSWER Blood pressure, weight/BMI, waist circumference, fasted glucose/HbA1C,
and lipid panel.
What are approved treatments for bipolar depression? - CORRECT
ANSWER Quetiapine, Lurasidone, Olanzapine, Cariprazine, Lumateperone.
What agents can augment SSRIs/SNRIs in unipolar depression? - CORRECT
ANSWER Atypical antipsychotics, lithium, or esketamine.
Which antipsychotics are associated with the greatest weight gain? - CORRECT
ANSWER Clozapine and Olanzapine.
What are the side effects of alpha-1 antagonists? - CORRECT ANSWER Orthostatic
hypotension, dizziness, and reflex tachycardia.
What are the side effects of anticholinergic drugs? - CORRECT ANSWER Dry mouth,
constipation, urinary retention, blurred vision, and confusion.
What is akathisia? - CORRECT ANSWER A subjective feeling of inner restlessness.
What are the symptoms of neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS)? - CORRECT
ANSWER Lead-pipe rigidity, fever, altered mental status, and autonomic instability.
