Atom - 1803
Acceleration process Atom - 1904
Solid sphere model
All ions are accelerated so that they have John Dalton Plum pudding model
the same kinetic energy -> yes the atoms from different elements J.J Thomson
Ions are accelerated by a negatively are different -> yes electrons are part of atom
charged acceleration plate, electric field -> no it isn’t indivisible, made of subatomic -> no, didn’t say there was a nucleus
particles
Atom - 1913
Atom - 1911
Atom - 1926
Planetary model
Nuclear model
Niels Bohr Quantum model
Ernest Rutherford
-> yes stable electron orbits Erwin Schrödinger
-> yes there is positive charge at centre of
-> moving electrons should emit energy and -> yes electrons dont move around in orbits
atom (nucleus)
collapse into nucleus, did not work for but in clouds, position uncertain
-> no explanation on orbits of electrons
heavier atoms
Aufbau principle
When filling the orbitals, go in order of
increasing energy
Detection
Atomic number - Z (def)
Ions hit the detector and gain 1 electron
More abundant ion = greater current
Number of protons in the nucleus (also
generated
number of electrons)
Energy level 1 before 2 - more electrons move when there is a
, lot of an ion
Electron impact ionisation (process)
Sample is vaporised
Electron impact
Distance = High energy electrons are fired at it
-> Come from ‘electron gun’ = hot wire
Removes 1 electron
vxt filament with a current running through it
Used for elements and small molecules
that emits electrons
Ions are then attracted towards a negative
electric plate, accelerated
Electrospray ionisation (process)
Sample is dissolved in a volatile solvent
(e.g. water or methanol)
Injected through fine hypodermic needle
Electrospray to give a fine mist (aerosol) Equation for Electrospray Ionisation
-> Tip of needle attached to positive
Spray charge, add 1 proton terminal of high voltage power supply
Used for big molecules Particles ionised by gaining a proton (ie a
H+ ion) from the solvent, as they leave
the needle
Solvent evaporates while XH+ ions
attracted towards negative plate to be
accelerated
Acceleration process Atom - 1904
Solid sphere model
All ions are accelerated so that they have John Dalton Plum pudding model
the same kinetic energy -> yes the atoms from different elements J.J Thomson
Ions are accelerated by a negatively are different -> yes electrons are part of atom
charged acceleration plate, electric field -> no it isn’t indivisible, made of subatomic -> no, didn’t say there was a nucleus
particles
Atom - 1913
Atom - 1911
Atom - 1926
Planetary model
Nuclear model
Niels Bohr Quantum model
Ernest Rutherford
-> yes stable electron orbits Erwin Schrödinger
-> yes there is positive charge at centre of
-> moving electrons should emit energy and -> yes electrons dont move around in orbits
atom (nucleus)
collapse into nucleus, did not work for but in clouds, position uncertain
-> no explanation on orbits of electrons
heavier atoms
Aufbau principle
When filling the orbitals, go in order of
increasing energy
Detection
Atomic number - Z (def)
Ions hit the detector and gain 1 electron
More abundant ion = greater current
Number of protons in the nucleus (also
generated
number of electrons)
Energy level 1 before 2 - more electrons move when there is a
, lot of an ion
Electron impact ionisation (process)
Sample is vaporised
Electron impact
Distance = High energy electrons are fired at it
-> Come from ‘electron gun’ = hot wire
Removes 1 electron
vxt filament with a current running through it
Used for elements and small molecules
that emits electrons
Ions are then attracted towards a negative
electric plate, accelerated
Electrospray ionisation (process)
Sample is dissolved in a volatile solvent
(e.g. water or methanol)
Injected through fine hypodermic needle
Electrospray to give a fine mist (aerosol) Equation for Electrospray Ionisation
-> Tip of needle attached to positive
Spray charge, add 1 proton terminal of high voltage power supply
Used for big molecules Particles ionised by gaining a proton (ie a
H+ ion) from the solvent, as they leave
the needle
Solvent evaporates while XH+ ions
attracted towards negative plate to be
accelerated
