BCTC Bio 139 Lecture Exam QUESTIONS
AND CORRECT ANSWERS
Diabetes Mellitus - CORRECT ANSWER Hyposecretion or inaction of insulin, signs
are polyuria (excessive urine output), polydipsia (intense thirst), polyphagia (ravenous
hunger), hyperglycemia, glucosuria, ketonuria
Glucagon
Source:
Target:
Effect:
Disorders: - CORRECT ANSWER Source: Pancreatic Islets
Target: Primary Liver
Effect: Stimulate amino acid absorption, gluconeogenesis, glycolysis and lipolysis, raise
blood glucose
Disorders:
What are the features of an Endocrine Gland - CORRECT ANSWER 1. Cells Produce
messenger chemical (Hormone)
2. Hormones evoke a response in a target cell
3. Uses circulatory system as means for transport
Examples of Lipid soluble hormones - CORRECT ANSWER steroid hormones and
thyroid hormones
examples of water soluble hormones - CORRECT ANSWER amine hormones and
peptide/protein hormones
what are the functions of the endocrine system - CORRECT ANSWER 1. Total Body
Metabolism
2. Growth
,3. Reproduction
How are endocrine and nervous system similar, how are they different - CORRECT
ANSWER They both are ways of regulating things in the body, endocrine is slower to
start and stop and less specific than nervous system
What are synergistic hormones - CORRECT ANSWER A and B evoke a stronger
response when together
what are permissive hormones - CORRECT ANSWER A has a role but cannot work
unless B is present
What are antagonistic hormones - CORRECT ANSWER A does one thing, B does the
opposite
What are the 3 levels of endocrine glands - CORRECT ANSWER Top. Hypothalamus,
controls all glandular tissue
Middle. Pituitary, sends instructions to many glands
Bottom, evoke responses in general tissues depending on gland.
What does the pancreas produce and secrete? - CORRECT ANSWER Insulin (B Cells)
Glucagon (A Cells)
What exocrine system does the pancreas function with. What enzymes are used in this system
- CORRECT ANSWER Digestive
Pancreatic Amylase- digest starch
Pancreatic Lipase- digest fats
What is the role of insulin? - CORRECT ANSWER Decrease blood glucose (Takes
glucose out of blood and into tissues)
, What is the role of Glucagon? - CORRECT ANSWER increases blood glucose in liver
to be stored as glycogen
What is the stimulus for insulin - CORRECT ANSWER An increase in blood glucose
What is the stimulus for Glucagon - CORRECT ANSWER A decrease in blood glucose
What is Diabetes Mellitus - CORRECT ANSWER A disease in which the body does
not produce insulin (Type I) or respond properly to insulin (Type II). Both cause elevated
blood sugar levels.
What are the symptoms of Diabetes Mellitus? - CORRECT ANSWER Hyperglycemia,
polydypsia, polyphagia, polyuria, weight loss, ketonuria/ketoacidosis, nausea, metabolic
acidosis, cardiovascular problems, atherosclerosis, peripheral vascular disease, loss of vision,
severe kidney problems
What is diabetes insipidus? - CORRECT ANSWER a disorder caused by inadequate
amounts of ADH which causes excessive water loss in urine
Explain Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus - CORRECT ANSWER 1. Insulin Dependent
2. Usually appears before age 20
3. Autoimmune disease causing destruction of beta cells of pancreas, body cannot produce
insulin
4. Treated with insulin injections
Explain Type II Diabetes Mellitus - CORRECT ANSWER 1. Insulin Independent
2. Usually occurs in obese people over 35 or childhood obesity
3. Pancreas produces insulin but target cells are less sensitive due to down regulation
4. Treated with diet and exercise
What does the adrenal cortex secrete? - CORRECT ANSWER corticosteroids
AND CORRECT ANSWERS
Diabetes Mellitus - CORRECT ANSWER Hyposecretion or inaction of insulin, signs
are polyuria (excessive urine output), polydipsia (intense thirst), polyphagia (ravenous
hunger), hyperglycemia, glucosuria, ketonuria
Glucagon
Source:
Target:
Effect:
Disorders: - CORRECT ANSWER Source: Pancreatic Islets
Target: Primary Liver
Effect: Stimulate amino acid absorption, gluconeogenesis, glycolysis and lipolysis, raise
blood glucose
Disorders:
What are the features of an Endocrine Gland - CORRECT ANSWER 1. Cells Produce
messenger chemical (Hormone)
2. Hormones evoke a response in a target cell
3. Uses circulatory system as means for transport
Examples of Lipid soluble hormones - CORRECT ANSWER steroid hormones and
thyroid hormones
examples of water soluble hormones - CORRECT ANSWER amine hormones and
peptide/protein hormones
what are the functions of the endocrine system - CORRECT ANSWER 1. Total Body
Metabolism
2. Growth
,3. Reproduction
How are endocrine and nervous system similar, how are they different - CORRECT
ANSWER They both are ways of regulating things in the body, endocrine is slower to
start and stop and less specific than nervous system
What are synergistic hormones - CORRECT ANSWER A and B evoke a stronger
response when together
what are permissive hormones - CORRECT ANSWER A has a role but cannot work
unless B is present
What are antagonistic hormones - CORRECT ANSWER A does one thing, B does the
opposite
What are the 3 levels of endocrine glands - CORRECT ANSWER Top. Hypothalamus,
controls all glandular tissue
Middle. Pituitary, sends instructions to many glands
Bottom, evoke responses in general tissues depending on gland.
What does the pancreas produce and secrete? - CORRECT ANSWER Insulin (B Cells)
Glucagon (A Cells)
What exocrine system does the pancreas function with. What enzymes are used in this system
- CORRECT ANSWER Digestive
Pancreatic Amylase- digest starch
Pancreatic Lipase- digest fats
What is the role of insulin? - CORRECT ANSWER Decrease blood glucose (Takes
glucose out of blood and into tissues)
, What is the role of Glucagon? - CORRECT ANSWER increases blood glucose in liver
to be stored as glycogen
What is the stimulus for insulin - CORRECT ANSWER An increase in blood glucose
What is the stimulus for Glucagon - CORRECT ANSWER A decrease in blood glucose
What is Diabetes Mellitus - CORRECT ANSWER A disease in which the body does
not produce insulin (Type I) or respond properly to insulin (Type II). Both cause elevated
blood sugar levels.
What are the symptoms of Diabetes Mellitus? - CORRECT ANSWER Hyperglycemia,
polydypsia, polyphagia, polyuria, weight loss, ketonuria/ketoacidosis, nausea, metabolic
acidosis, cardiovascular problems, atherosclerosis, peripheral vascular disease, loss of vision,
severe kidney problems
What is diabetes insipidus? - CORRECT ANSWER a disorder caused by inadequate
amounts of ADH which causes excessive water loss in urine
Explain Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus - CORRECT ANSWER 1. Insulin Dependent
2. Usually appears before age 20
3. Autoimmune disease causing destruction of beta cells of pancreas, body cannot produce
insulin
4. Treated with insulin injections
Explain Type II Diabetes Mellitus - CORRECT ANSWER 1. Insulin Independent
2. Usually occurs in obese people over 35 or childhood obesity
3. Pancreas produces insulin but target cells are less sensitive due to down regulation
4. Treated with diet and exercise
What does the adrenal cortex secrete? - CORRECT ANSWER corticosteroids
